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. 2022 Jan 27;12:1440. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05254-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), active transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), and sham stimulation on average multidimensional aspect of pain (MPQ). The scores were obtained before the first stimulation session (T0), after the 5th consecutive stimulation session (T1) and 30 days after (T2). For the sake of simplicity, and as the effects of sham rTMS and sham tDCS were remarkably similar regardless of the order in which they were conducted, we present the mean values grouped into a single sham-stimulation group. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. MPQ McGill Pain Questionnaire.