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. 2022 Jan 27;13:533. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28145-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Monthly average force of infection and transmission rate from one representative simulation for the period 1997–2014 in Ahmedabad (red, A, C, D) and in Surat (green, B, C, D). The respective box plots of the force of infection by month per city are shown in (A) and (B) (computed for n = 1000 simulations and with the standard illustration of the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum). The force of infection equals the transmission rate ( $β$ ) times the number of infected individuals and therefore measures the per capita rate at which susceptible (non-immune) individuals become infected. C The corresponding monthly transmission rate for each year for Ahmedabad (in red) and Surat (in green), which includes in the model the effect of humidity. D The corresponding variance in the force of infection is calculated within each year.