. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Dec 27;74(2):184–199. doi: 10.1002/art.41979

Table 1.

Epidemiologic Studies of HF in RA Patients vs Non-RA Patients

Incidence of HF in RA
Study	Design	N (RA vs. non-RA)	HR/OR (95% CI) RA vs. non-RA	Incidence (95% CI or p-value) RA vs. non-RA	Statistical Adjustments
Wolfe et al, 2003¹² Wolfe et al,2004¹¹	Retrospective longitudinal cohort study	9093 vs 2479 RA vs. OA 13171 vs 2568 RA vs. OA	OR 1.43 (1.28-1.59) RA vs. OA Not reported	Not reported 3.9% (3.4-4.3) vs. 2.3% (1.6-3.3) RA vs. OA	Demographics, CV risk factors
Crowson et al,2005¹	Retrospective longitudinal cohort study	575 vs 583	Not reported	36.3% vs. 20.4% p<0.001	Sex, CV risk factors, alcohol use
Nicola et al, 2005², 2006 ⁴	Retrospective longitudinal cohort study	575 vs 583; 603 vs 603	HR 1.87 (1.47–2.39)	37.1% vs. 27.7% p<0.001	Age, sex, CV risk factors, CAD
Mantel et al, 2017⁵	Prospective cohort study	12,943 vs 113,884	Overall HF: HR 1.22 (1.09-1.37) Ischemic HF: HR 1.27 (1.07-1.51) Non-ischemic HF: HR 1.22 (1.04-1.42)	Rates per 1000 person-years: Overall HF: 5.8 vs 3.1; Ischemic HF: 3.5 vs 1.9; Non-ischemic HF: 2.7 vs 1.4	Age, sex
Ahlers et al, 2020⁶	Prospective cohort study	9889 vs 9889	Cumulative HR (HFpEF and HFrEF): 1.21 (1.03-1.42)	HFpEF: 64% vs 62% p=0.67	Age, sex, race, CAD, CV meds
HF Mortality in RA vs non-RA
Study	Design	N (RA vs. non-RA)	HR/OR (95% CI) RA vs. non-RA	Incidence (95% CI or p-value) RA vs. non-RA	Statistical Adjustments
Nicola et al, 2006⁴	Retrospective longitudinal cohort study	603 vs 603		39.0 vs. 29.2 per person-years p<0.001	Age, sex, calendar year
Davis et al, 2008¹⁰	Prospective cohort study	103 vs 852	HR 1.89 (1.26-2.84)	35% vs. 19%	Age, sex, calendar year, CV meds, CAD
Ahlers et al, 2020⁶	Prospective EHR study	323 vs 443	HR 1.68 (1.45-1.95)	22.6% vs 14.6% p=0.006	Age, sex, race

BMI= Body Mass Index; CAD= Coronary Artery Disease; CI= Confidence Interval; CV= Cardiovascular; FH=Family History; HF=Heart Failure; HFpEF=HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction; HFrEF= HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction; HR=Hazard Ratio; HTN= Hypertension; OA= Osteoarthritis; OR= Odds Ratio; RA= Rheumatoid Arthritis