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. 2022 Jan 14;8:800889. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.800889

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Platforms based on nanomaterials for physical isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from urine. (A) Mechanism of an integrated device (Exodisc) for isolating urinary EVs through two nanofilters with different pore diameters (600:20 nm). Reprinted with permission from Woo et al. (65). (B) Mechanism of urinary exosomes isolation using nanomaterials device combined with double-filtration (200:30 nm). Reprinted with permission from Liang et al. (71). (C) Mechanism of nanomembrane-based modular platform (ExoTIC) for isolating urinary EVs. Reprinted with permission from Liu et al. (66). (D) Mechanism of a nanomaterials device (Exo-POS) combined with a vacuum syringe and nanomembrane for isolating urinary EVs. Reprinted with permission from Deng et al. (67). (E) Mechanism of a nanomaterials device (EXODUC) combined with nanoporous membrane and oscillators for isolating urinary EVs. Reprinted with permission from Chen et al. (68).