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. 2022 Jan 14;12:813890. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813890

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of gallic acid (GA) on fecal score (FS) (A, B), serum hormone (C–E), HSP-70 (F), antioxidant capacity (G–J), and inflammatory factors (K–N) in puppies (n = 6 or 7). The symbol (*) indicates statistically significant differences between two groups (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001), and the symbol (#) represents difference tendency (#p < 0.10). BT1, the 1st day before transportation; AT1, the 1st day after transportation; AT7, the 7th day after transportation. TDR (total diarrhea rate, %) = [cases of diarrhea during 14 days/(14 days × total puppies for each group)] × 100. COR, cortisol; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; GC, glucocorticoid; HSP-70, heat stress protein 70; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-4, interleukin 4.