Table 4.

Mediating effect of resilience and self-esteem on the association between stress and addictive behaviors

Model pathway			Standardized estimated effect	95% confidence interval		p
				Lower 2.5%	Upper 2.5%
1. Internet use
	Indirect effect
		Stress→Resilience→Internet use	0.12	0.08	0.16
		Stress→Self-esteem→Internet use	0.08	0.03	0.13
	Direct effect		0.18	0.10	0.26	<0.001
	Total effect		0.38	0.30	0.45	<0.001
2. Smartphone use
	Indirect effect
		Stress→Resilience→Smartphone use	0.18	0.14	0.23
		Stress→Self-esteem→Smartphone use	0	-0.05	0.06
	Direct effect		0.27	0.18	0.37	<0.001
	Total effect		0.46	0.37	0.54	<0.001
3. Alcohol use
	Indirect effect
		Stress→Resilience→Alcohol use	0.03	-0.01	0.07
		Stress→Self-esteem→Alcohol use	-0.03	-0.07	0.01
	Direct effect		0.03	-0.04	0.10	0.360
	Total effect		0.04	-0.02	0.10	0.192

If the confidence interval does contain zero, the indirect effect is not significant