Table 2.

Plasma biomarkers measurement in healthy controls (HC) versus COVID-19 patients (median values with IQR in parenthesis).

Biomarker (pg/ml)	HC	COVID-19	p-value
N	13	29	NA
IFN-γ	5.34 (3.2–7.8)	9.17 (4.9–24.6)	0.06
IL-10	0.36 (0.24–0.65)	0.90 (0.60–2.33)	0.003
IL-12p70	0.40 (0.22–0.76)	0.31 (0.19–1.07)	0.94
IL-2	0.43 (0.29–0.47)	0.24 (0.13–0.40)	0.21
IL-6	0.48 (0.24–0.60)	6.07 (1.06–19.1)	<0.001
IL-8	2.41 (1.53–2.89)	4.36 (2.55–6.07)	0.03
TNF-α	1.50 (1.21–1.77)	3.02 (1.67–4.73)	0.002
IL-27	1,410 (1,095–1,733)	2,295 (1,511–3,770)	0.002
CRP (mg/L)	1.81 (1.55–7.45)	83.4 (9.30–187.9)	0.005
SAA (mg/L)	7.85 (3.98–9.96)	230.8 (14.9–404.8)	<0.001
sCD14 (mg/L)	1.36 (1.23–1.66)	1.75 (1.38–2.31)	0.05
IL-6Rα	32,960 (30,321–37,174)	38,853 (34,737–44,826)	0.02
D-dimer (ng/ml)	303 (214–579)	1,452 (566–2,502)	0.002
Ferritin (ng/ml)	101 (42.7–297)	1,100 (173–1,650)	0.007

*p-value when Mann–Whitney was applied.