TABLE 5.
Effect of crocetin on ocular pathologies diseases.
| Pharmacologic action | The subjects | Doses | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myopia prevention | 69 participants aged 6–12 years | Changes spherical equivalent refractions (SER) and axial length (AL) | Mori et al. (2019) | |
| Proliferative vitreous retina | ARPE-19cells | Inhibits the activation of p38MAPK to antagonize the epithelial-mesenchymal transition | Wang (2018) | |
| Rabbit PVR models | Crocetin (0.2 and 0.4 μmol) | Wang (2018) | ||
| Age-related macular disease | RGC-5 cells | Crocetin (3 μmol) | Inhibits the damage to RGC-5 cells and suppresses the increase in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities | Yamauchi et al. (2011) |
| Retinal injury mice | Crocetin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) | Reduces the number of TUNEL-positive cells and inhibits retinal dysfunction and photoreceptor degeneration | Yamauchi et al. (2011) | |
| Retinal damage | Retinal injury mice | Crocetin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) | Improves the decrease in the number of ganglion cell layer cells and thickness of the inner nuclear layer | Zhang et al. (2018) |
| Retinal injury mice | Crocetin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) | Reduces the phosphorylation of MAPK, JNK, and p38 | Ishizuka et al. (2013) | |
| Retinal edema | the RVO mouse model | crocetin (100 mg/kg) | Decreases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) increase the expression of occludin | Nitta et al. (2019) |
| Glaucoma | retinal injury models | Crocetin (100 mg/kg) | Inhibits caspase-3/7 and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 | Ohno et al. (2012) |
| OHT mouse model | Saffron extract | Prevents the downregulation of P2RY12 expression and retinal ganglion cell death | Fernández-Albarral et al. (2019) | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | Diabetic rats | Crocetin (50,100 mg/kg) | Inhibits the expression of TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 and increases the expression of Bcl-2 | Zhao et al. (2020b) |