Figure 1.

Anti-neuronal/neuromuscular autoantibodies were detected using cell-based assays. Example images of sera positive and negative for LGI1, Caspr2, NF155, CNTN1 and MuSK autoantibodies are shown. Green fluorescence indicates antigen expression by either counterstaining with commercial antibodies and secondary antibodies conjugated to AF488 or GFP co-expressed after an IRES site on the plasmid coding for MuSK. Red fluorescence indicates patient autoantibodies detected by anti-human IgG conjugated to AF594. Blue fluorescence corresponds to nuclear staining with DAPI. Scale bar , 20 µm. ADAM23 , disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 23; Caspr2 , contactin-associated protein-like 2; CNTN1 , contactin 1; GFP , green fluorescent protein; IgG , immunoglobulin type G; LGI1 , leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein- 1; MuSK , muscle-specific kinase; NF155 , neurofascin 155.