TABLE 1.

Microbial biostimulants that mitigate extreme temperature stress in crops.

Crop Plant	Microbes involved	Mechanism of action	References
Protection against cold and freezing stress
Grapevine	Paraburkholderia phytofirmans	Production of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid (ACC)	Theocharis et al., 2012
Pear and apple	Pseudomonas fluorescens A506	Competition with bacteria having INA+	Lindow and Brandl, 2003
Bean plant	Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas proteolytica, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis	Reduction of reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation	Tiryaki et al., 2019
Wheat	Pantoea dispersa 1A, Pseudomonas spp. and S. marcescens SRM	Production of ACC and IAA	Mishra et al., 2008; Selvakumar et al., 2008a,b
Protection against heat stress
Sorghum and wheat	Pseudomonas sp. AKMP6 and Pseudomonas putida AKMP7	Reduction of reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), increment in content sugar, proline, starch, chlorophyll, protein, and amino acid, phytohormone production.	Ali et al., 2009, 2011
Tomato	Glomus sp.	Higher scavenging activity of ROS in the rots and leaves and reduction in peroxidation of lipid.	Duc et al., 2018
Soybean	Bacillus aryabhatthai SRBO2	Production of abscisic acid	Park et al., 2017
Wheat	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Azospirillum brasilense	Reduction of reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and heat shock proteins pre-activation	Abd El-Daim et al., 2014
Potato	Paraburkholderia phytofirmans	Reduction of H2O2 and Production of ACC.	Sangiorgio et al., 2020