Table 4. Risk of illness, death and undernutrition in infants born during the COVID-19 pandemic admitted to hospital, Bangladesh, March 2020–February 2021 .
| Variable | aORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Illness and death | |
| Acute diarrhoea (watery and/or invasive) | 1.24 (0.86–1.79) |
| Some or severe dehydration | 1.43 (1.26–1.64) |
| History of fever | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) |
| Convulsions (during and/or after admission) | 1.74 (1.30–2.34) |
| Pneumonia | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) |
| Severe pneumonia | 0.77 (0.62–0.94) |
| Sepsis | 2.21 (1.76–2.78) |
| Severe sepsis or septic shock | 1.37 (0.90–2.09) |
| Hospital-acquired infection | 0.75 (0.47–1.19) |
| Death | 1.12 (0.67–1.86) |
| Anthropometric indices | |
| Stuntingb | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) |
| Wastingc | 1.21 (1.03–1.41) |
| Severe acute malnutritiond | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) |
| Electrolyte imbalance | |
| Hypernatraemiae | 1.43 (1.09–1.88) |
| Hyponatraemiaf | 0.50 (0.39–0.64) |
| Hyperkalaemiag | 0.92 (0.65–1.30) |
| Hypokalaemiah | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) |
| Raised creatininei | 1.38 (1.03–1.86) |
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation.
a OR adjusted for age and sex.
b Length-for-age z-score < −2 SD.
c Weight-for-length z-score < −2 SD.
d Weight-for-length z-score < −3 SD or presence of bilateral pedal oedema, irrespective of anthropometric indicators.
e Serum sodium ≥ 150 mmol/L.
f Serum sodium < 135 mmol/L.
g Serum potassium > 5.5 mmol/L.
h Serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L.
i Serum creatinine > 35 μmol/L for < 12 months and > 65 μmol/L for 12–59 months.
Note: Reference categories are infants born and admitted to hospital before the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2019–February 2020.