Table 2.

Selected articles.

Selected markers
Molecule	N° hanged	N° cadaver suspension	N° control group	Expression in full of the loop*	Hanged vs. cadaver suspension	Ligature mark vitality vs. non-injured skin	Hanged vs. Control	Ligature mark vs. pm wounds (including cadaver suspension)
TnI	21	N/A	10	Cervical muscles	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
FLIP	21	3	13 (overdose n = 2, car accident n = 3, SCD n = 5, post-mortem suspension n = 3)	Negative epidermidis (intracytoplasmic depletion of FLIP)	0/21 vs. 3/3	P < 0.05	P < 0.01	P < 0.01
AQP3	56 mechanical asphyxia (35 hanging - 21 strangulation)	N/A	56 (non-injured skin)	Positive epidermidis	N/A	P < 0.01	P < 0.01	N/A
AQP1	//	N/A	//	Dermal capillaries	N/A	–	–	N/A
IL-1β	10	10	N/A	Epidermal, annexal and subepidermal cells (100% PMI = 2 h)	P < 0.005	N/A	N/A	N/A
[Fe]; [Zn]; Fe/Ca; Fe/Mg;	71	N/A	71	N/A	N/A	P <0.05, low concentration in ligature mark	N/A	N/A
Cathepsin D	71	N/A	71	Epidermidis	N/A	P < 0.05 (if compared with low [Fe])	N/A	N/A
P-Selectin	71	N/A	71	Epidermidis	N/A	//	N/A	N/A
Tryptase	49	7	21	Derma	N/A	N/A	P <0.001	N/A
CD15	49	7	21	Derma	N/A	N/A	P < 0.001	N/A
IL-15	49	7	21	Dermal capillaries and sub-dermal capillaries	N/A	N/A	P < 0.001	N/A
AVIDIN CD1A MHC Class II	10	N/A	10	Skin Derma Derma	N/A	P < 0.01 Positive ligature mark Negative Skin	Both positive	N/A
miR-146a-5p, miR125a-5p, miR125b-5p, miR103a-3p, mR92a-3p, miR21	36	N/A	28	Skin	N/A	P < 0.05	N/A	N/A

Including human and non-human samples and different testing techniques. ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry; IHC, immunochemistry.

Selected molecules are singularly described and data are illustrated according to relevance. SCD, sudden cardiac death; ABI, Acute brain injuries; “–“, non-significant or P > 0.05;

^*where non-specified, consider positive; PMI, post-mortem interval; “//”, same as precedent; “N/A”, not applicable. Bold values are those statistically significant.