Table 3.

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase deficiency (IAPD) is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

IAPD status	Total participants	T2DM n (%)	Relative risk (95% CI)
			Model 1*	Model 2†	Model 3‡	Model 4§	Model 5¶
Persistent no IAPD	125	10 (8.0)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Incident IAPD	63	21 (33.3)	4.17 (2.09 to 8.30)***	3.78 (1.89 to 7.54)***	4.31 (2.00 to 9.27)***	4.17 (1.93 to 9.00)***	3.69 (1.76 to 7.71)***
Persistent IAPD	266	68 (25.6)	3.20 (1.70 to 5.99)***	3.01 (1.60 to 5.65)***	3.33 (1.65 to 6.71)***	3.27 (1.62 to 6.61)***	3.27 (1.64 to 6.50)***
Remittent IAPD	120	14 (11.7)	1.46 (0.67 to 3.16)	1.49 (0.69 to 3.21)	2.00 (0.88 to 4.56)	2.05 (0.89 to 4.68)	2.24 (0.99 to 5.11)

***p<0.001.

*Model 1: unadjusted model.

†Model 2: adjusted for age and sex at baseline (visit 1).

‡Model 3: adjusted for variables in model 2 plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (visit 1).

§Model 4: adjusted for variables in model 3 plus creatinine, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase at baseline (visit 1).

¶Model 5: adjusted for variables in model 4 plus fasting plasma glucose at baseline (visit 1).