Figure 13.

Design of bistable electrochromic devices based on concerted intramolecular PCET. (A) General structure of polymeric electrochromic materials used in the study and proposed PCET mechanism responsible for color switching between a transparent state and magenta (R¹ = R³ = NEt₂, R² = H). (B) Schematic of an electrochromic device. (C) Multicolor ESL prototypes (the colored outlines represent the rim of ESLs). (D) A single-color ESL prototype (dashed blue line represents the ongoing process for the ESL display, and the solid blue line represents the completed process). Reproduced with permission from ref (1081). Copyright 2019 Springer Nature.