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. 2022 Jan 28;26:29. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-03893-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Multivariate metabolite data analysis. a, b Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plots (left panels) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) scores plots (right panels) of patients with non-septic infection versus those of healthy controls. Shaded areas are 95% confidence interval (CI) regions of each group. c Permutation test for OPLS-DA model of patients with non-septic infection versus that of healthy controls. d, e PCA and OPLS-DA score plots of patients with non-septic infection versus those of patients with sepsis. Shaded areas are 95% confidence interval (CI) regions of each group. f Permutation test for OPLS-DA model of patients with non-septic infection versus that of patients with sepsis. g Schematic diagram of data analysis procedures. h Heatmap showing abundance of 17 metabolites based on VIP scores of patients with sepsis, patients with non-septic infection, and healthy controls. i Differentiated metabolites among patients with sepsis, patients with non-septic infection, and healthy controls