Table 1 |.

EVs and particles

Name	Size	Acronyms and other names	origin	Features
Exosomes	30 nm–150 nm	Tolerosomes, prostasomes	MVBs, late or recycling endosomes, amphisomes	Lipid bilayer; contains proteins, genetic material, metabolites
Microvesicles	50 nm–5μm	MVs; ectosomes, microparticles, synaptosomes, myelosomes, prostasomes, prominosomes	PM, microvilli	Lipid bilayer; contains proteins, genetic material, metabolites
Apoptotic bodies	1 μm–5 μm	Apoptotic blebs	PM	Lipid bilayer; contains proteins, cytosolic components, organelles, nuclear fragments
Oncosomes	100 nm–400 nm	None	PM	Lipid bilayer; contains oncoproteins, genetic material, oncometabolites
Large oncosomes	1 μm–>10 μm	LO	PM	Lipid bilayer; contains peculiar cancer cell metabolism related enzymes
Enveloped viruses	40 nm–400 nm	Miscellaneous	Endosomes, PM	Lipid bilayer, virion, viral proteins, viral genetic material
Exomeres	<50 nm	None	ND	Might lack a lipid bilayer; contains proteins such as argonaute and APP, lipids, and nucleic acids
Exophers	1.5–15 μm	None	PM	Lipid bilayer; contains metabolic waste, protein aggregates, organelles
Secretory autophagosomes	300 nm–1.5 μm	Mitovesicles?	Autophagic pathway	Lipid bilayer; contains cytoplasmic contents, excess or damaged proteins, organelles, microorganisms
Migrasomes	500 nm–3 μm	None	PM-derived retraction fibers	Lipid bilayer; cytoplasmic content
Supramolecular attack particles	120 nm	SMAPs	ND, cytotoxic granules	No lipid bilayer; cytotoxic core surrounded by thrombospondin-1 shell
Elongated particles	1.9 μm–112 μm	Shear-derived particles, SDP	PM	Lipid bilayer; shear-derived particle, observed in rolling neutrophils

EVs comprise a heterogeneous population of membrane vesicles. Their sizes vary between <50 nm and >5 μm. They can originate from the PM, or the endosomal or autophagic pathways. ND, not determined.