Table 1.
Perioperative outcomes
| Author, year | Technique | Number of patients | Operative duration | Blood loss | Lymph node yield | Days drain kept | Hospital stay | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meneses et al., 2019[30] | VEIL | 11 | 85 (60-120) | <50 ml | 5.8 (1-12) | Mean 8 | 4 (2–11) | Skin complications 10%, lymphatic complications 25% |
| Carlos et al., 2013[25] | VEIL (NovsN1) | 40 | N0-95.5, N1-126.8 | N/A | 9 | N0-5.7, N1-6.7 | N0-3.1, N1-5.1 | Global complications 26% × 36%, cellulitis 0% × 4.5%, lymphocele 23% in both groups, skin necrosis 3% × 1%, myocutaneous necrosis 0% × 4.5% |
| Pahwa et al., 2013[31] | VEIL | 10 | 144 (120-180) | N/A | 5.6 (7-12) | 5.1 (5–8) | N/A | Subcutaneous emphysema (self-resolving) - all patients, skin complications - nil, lymphocele - 20% |
| Matin et al., 2013[32] | R VEIL | 10 | 100 (90–120) | 100 (10–200) | 9 (5-21) | N/A | N/a | Skin complications 10%, lymphocele 20%, cellulitis 10% |
| Chiapparrone et al., 2018[33] | VEIL | 1 | 180 min | N/A | 16 | 7 | 8 | Nil |
| Elsamra and Poch 2017[34] | R VEIL | 10 | 151.4 (99.0-224.0) | 30 (12.5-50.0) | 10.4 (6.0–16.0) | N/A | N/A | Skin complication: 10% |
| Sudhir et al., 2012[35] | VEIL | 22 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Skin necrosis: 2.53%, lymphocele 10.45, delayed bleed - 2.53% |
| Yuan et al., 2018[11] | VEIL | 72 | 107 (90–185) | 100 (85-120) | 20 (12–29) | 4 (3-12) | 5 (3-13) | Wound infection 8.42%, seroma - 6.91%, lymphorrhea - 5.66%, cellulitis - 2.66% |
| Elbalka et al., 2020[13] | VEIL | 15 | 128+/−28 | 20 (15-35) | 10.73+/−3.60 | 3 (3-21) | 3 (3-14) | Wound infection: 6.7, lymphocele 10%, flap necrosis: 3.3%, |
| Jindal and Meena 2021[26] | VEIL and R VEIL | 30 | 100 (80-140) | N/A | 7 (5-9) | 7 (5-12) | 3.1 (2-5) | Wound infection: 3.33%, lymphocele: 6.66% |
| Russell et al., 2017[27] | R VEIL and VEIL | 18 | 141 (120-162) | 50 (15-50) | 10 (6-12.5) | 2 (2-5) | N/A | Wound complication: 9%, lymphocele 6%, DVT 3% |
| Tobias-Machado et al., 2017[28] | VEIL | 10 | 126 (80-130) | N/A | 9.7 (6-14) | Mean 4.9 days | N/A | Lymphorrea - 10%, Hematoma - 10% |
| Yu et al., 2019[23] | R VEIL | 9 | 68+/−13 | N/A | 12 (5-21) | N/A | N/A | Nil |
| Singh et al., 2018[18] | R VEIL | 51 | 75 (70–85) | 75 (65-80) | 13 (11-14.5) | 12 (10-15) | 3 (3-3.75) | Wound complications: 11.8%, lymphocele - 49%, cellulitis 9.8% |
| Thyavihally et al., 2021[16] | RVEIL | 47 | 90 (50-140) | 30 (10-70) | 10 (7-14) | N/A | 6.1 (4-12) | Wound complications: 7.95%, lymphocele 20.45%, no flap necrosis |
| Yadav et al., 2018[29] | VEIL | 29 | 162.83 | N/A | 7.6 | N/A | 4.6 (4-8) | Skin necrosis: 2.8%, lymphocele 10.3%, lymphedema: 10.3%, no wound infection an d skin necrosis |
| Ahlawat et al., 2016[17] | R VEIL + ILND | 3 | 453 | N/A | 16.3 | 44 days | 4 | No skin complications, lymphocele in 33% |
| Kumar and Sethia 2017[36] | VEIL | 20 | 97 | N/A | 9.36 | N/A | 2.5 (0-14) | Wound complications 6%, prolonged lymphocele 27% |
| Romanelli et al., 2013[37] | VEIL | 20 | 119 (55-210) | N/A | 8 (3-16) | N/A | 5 (2-10) | Wound complications 6%, lymphatic complications: 27.2% |
| Chaudhari et al., 2016[38] | VEIL | 14 | 194.86 (178-210) | N/A | 7.68 (5-11) | N/A | N/A | Lymphocele: 27.2%, surgical emphysema: 13.63% |
VEIL=Video endoscopic inguinal lymph adenectomy, R VEIL=Robotic assisted VEIL, N/A=Not available, ILND=Inguinal lymph node dissection