Table 3.
Characteristics of the 29 programs included in meta-analysis
| Overall study features | % | Count/mean |
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics of studies | ||
| Unique peer-reviewed articles | 29 | |
| Unique first-authors | 26 | |
| Treatment arms evaluated | 34 | |
| Total no. of effect sizes on outcomes of interest | 167 | |
| By gender | ||
| Girls | 68.3 | 114 |
| Boys | 31.7 | 53 |
| By time period | ||
| Post | 65.3 | 109 |
| Follow-up | 34.7 | 58 |
| Study design | ||
| Experimental | 69.0 | 20 |
| Quasi-experimental | 20.7 | 6 |
| Non-experimental | 10.3 | 3 |
| Locale of intervention | ||
| United States | 79.3 | 23 |
| Outside of the United States | 20.7 | 6 |
| Characteristics of youth | ||
| Age (mean/Median) | 12/14 | |
| Total no. of youth | 28,483 | |
| Gender (of Total) | ||
| Girls | 50.6 | 14,400 |
| Boys | 49.4 | 14,083 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | 23.8 | 6775 |
| African American/Black | 20.5 | 5843 |
| Asian | 1.9 | 540 |
| Hispanic | 15.2 | 4328 |
| Other/Missing | 38.6 | 10,997 |
| Location of program | ||
| Primary location of services | ||
| School | 31.0 | 9 |
| Home | 20.7 | 6 |
| Detention facility | 13.8 | 4 |
| Larger community | 10.3 | 3 |
| Social service agency/court | 6.9 | 2 |
| Multi-setting | 3.4 | 1 |
| Missing | 13.8 | 4 |
| Urbanicity | ||
| Urban | 27.6 | 8 |
| Rural | 3.4 | 1 |
| Mixed | 6.9 | 2 |
| Missing | 62.1 | 18 |
Non-experimental design includes pre/post within treatment group. Depending on the racial/ethnic category, between 11 and 20 of the studies were missing data. Percentages were calculated based only on studies with available data for a given category.