Table 2.

Hemodynamic Data Before Commencement of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

	All (N = 31)	VV ECMO (n = 10)	VA ECMO (n = 21)	p
Pre-ECMO Echocardiography	n (% of All)	n (% of VV)	n (% of VA)
Examination data reported and recovered	27 (87)	8 (80)	19 (90.5)	0.58
Missing data	4 (13)	2 (20)	2 (9.5)	0.58
Right ventricular dysfunction	3 (10)	0	3 (14)	0.53
Left ventricular dysfunction	4 (13)	0	4 (19)	0.29
Bi-ventricular dysfunction	10 (32)	3 (30)	7 (33)	1.0
Right-, left- or bi-ventricular dysfunction	17 (55)	3 (30)	14 (67)	0.10
Hyperdynamic cardiac function	4 (13)	1 (10)	3 (14)	1.0
Vasoactive agent administered	2 (1–2)	1(1–2)	2(1–3)	0.17
Missing or unspecified i.v. doses	17 (55)	6 (60)	11 (52)	0.72
Number of vasoactive substances	2 (1–2)	1(1–2)	2(1–3)	0.17
Combination of inopressor and inodilator	12 (39)	2 (20)	10 (48)	0.24
Norepinephrine; range μg/kg min−1	24 (77)	9 (90); 0.12–0.4	15 (71); 0.2–0.8	0.38
Dopamine; range μg/kg min−1	8 (26)	2 (20); 10	6 (29); 5–20	1.0
Epinephrine; range μg/kg min−1	12 (39)	2 (20); n/a	10 (32); 0.05–1	0.24
Dobutamine; range μg/kg min−1	2 (6)	0	2 (9.5); 15	0.55
Milrinone; range μg/kg min−1	6 (19)	2 (20); 0.2–0.25	4 (19); 0.25–0.5	1.0
Levosimendan	1 (3.2)	0	1 (5); n/a	1.0
Inhaled nitric oxide	7 (23)	2 (20)	5(24)	1.0

Available data before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from echocardiography assessments and medical records on the use of i.v. infused vasoactive drugs. Defined inopressors are norepinephrine, dopamine and epinephrine, and inodilators are epinephrine, dobutamine, milrinone and levosimendan. In combination of inopressor and inodilator, epinephrine is only counted once. Vasopressin was not reported in any of the cases.

i.v., intravenous; VA, venoarterial; VV, venovenous.