TABLE 3.
Items of the Musical Infant/Toddler Questionnaire (MCQ_U3), grouped by components.
| MCQ_U3 item |
Component loading |
||||||
| Item no. | A child under 3 years who is musically skilled… | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Component 1: Musical Communication | |||||||
| 2_U3 | … can sing simple melody pieces. | 3.47 | 1.09 | 0.57 | 0.41 | –0.17 | 0.05 |
| 30_U3 | … can invent melodies or rhythms, either with the voice, or by creating other sounds. | 3.31 | 1.08 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.03 |
| 3_U3 | … is able to internalize simple sound sequences. | 3.44 | 0.96 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.36 |
| 8_U3 | … shows that he/she can capture patterns when dancing or making music. | 3.32 | 0.10 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.36 |
| 27_U3 | … can communicate with others through music by producing musical sounds, listening, improvising, dancing, and understanding music. |
3.24 | 1.05 | 0.40 | 0.13 | 0.36 | 0.07 |
| Component 2: Enthusiasm and Motivation | |||||||
| 41_U3 | … has great enthusiasm for music. | 4.09 | 0.81 | 0.03 | 0.85 | 0.04 | –0.14 |
| 38_U3 | … is interested in music. | 4.16 | 0.85 | –0.08 | 0.75 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| 43_U3 | … enjoys the occupation with music. | 4.20 | 0.78 | 0.04 | 0.75 | 0.04 | –0.04 |
| 14_U3 | … enjoys music in his/her life, either by making music or by listening to it. | 4.05 | 0.87 | 0.07 | 0.72 | –0.24 | 0.22 |
| 39_U3 | … often has the desire to make music. | 3.67 | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.67 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
| 45_U3 | … has a great affinity for music. | 3.94 | 0.84 | –0.11 | 0.60 | –0.06 | 0.35 |
| 15_U3 | … enjoys music and appreciates sounds. | 3.88 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 0.03 |
| 31_U3 | … likes to spontaneously produce music or musical sounds. | 3.68 | 0.93 | 0.20 | 0.56 | 0.21 | 0.04 |
| 29_U3 | … has the desire to make music together with others so that they become a group – either by singing along or moving to the music of others. |
3.76 | 0.99 | –0.07 | 0.51 | –0.21 | 0.35 |
| 42_U3 | … has a will of his/her own when listening and making music. | 3.70 | 0.98 | 0.23 | 0.51 | 0.15 | –0.03 |
| 10_U3 | … actively incorporates music into his/her world. | 3.49 | 0.98 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.27 | –0.02 |
| 25_U3 | … plays music with feeling. | 3.57 | 1.08 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
| 32_U3 | … is creative when making music. | 3.57 | 1.03 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.18 | –0.07 |
| 9_U3 | … recognizes simple structural characteristics of music (e.g., loud–soft, slow–fast). | 3.64 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
| 21_U3 | … knows which music he/she likes and which he/she does not like. | 3.70 | 1.08 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.10 |
| Component 3: Adaptive Expressiveness | |||||||
| 44_U3 | … would rather express themselves through music than through other means. | 2.58 | 1.06 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.74 | –0.02 |
| 17_U3 | … appreciates different kinds of music. | 3.08 | 1.01 | –0.18 | 0.18 | 0.65 | 0.13 |
| 26_U3 | … perceives the basic mood or feelings conveyed by the music that he/she is listening to. | 3.10 | 0.99 | –0.02 | 0.08 | 0.64 | 0.21 |
| 11_U3 | … is able to react to the mood of a melody. | 3.22 | 1.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.64 | 0.23 |
| 22_U3 | … is able to hear differences between different types of music. | 3.04 | 1.07 | 0.23 | –0.06 | 0.56 | 0.14 |
| 46_U3 | A child is musical when music means something to him/her. | 3.23 | 1.12 | –0.37 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.08 |
| 16_U3 | … has an open mind with which he/she approaches and experiences all music. | 3.40 | 1.00 | –0.06 | 0.48 | 0.51 | –0.23 |
| 18_U3 | … recognizes different types of music (e.g., children’s songs, pop, classical music). | 2.77 | 1.22 | 0.28 | –0.20 | 0.49 | 0.09 |
| 13_U3 | … is able to react creatively, emotionally and intellectually when listening to a piece of music. | 3.24 | 1.04 | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.47 | 0.06 |
| 19_U3 | … reacts consciously to different aspects of music. | 3.26 | 1.03 | 0.39 | –0.12 | 0.46 | 0.15 |
| 47_U3 | … can immerse him-/herself in sounds. | 3.11 | 1.08 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.13 |
| Component 4: Musical Abilities | |||||||
| 6_U3 | … has a sense of timing and rhythm. | 3.41 | 1.04 | 0.14 | –0.04 | –0.01 | 0.75 |
| 24_U3 | … has good overall physical coordination. | 3.19 | 0.91 | –0.11 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.69 |
| 36_U3 | … has a wide range of different skills. | 3.35 | 0.96 | –0.08 | –0.10 | 0.28 | 0.58 |
| 12_U3 | … is able to move according to the music. | 3.51 | 0.93 | –0.15 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.47 |
| 7_U3 | … has a feeling for the beat. | 3.26 | 1.01 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.46 |
| 1_U3 | … has a musical ear, which means he/she can recognize simple melodies and tone progressions. | 3.70 | 0.90 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.45 |
| 35_U3 | … is able to combine hearing and sound production. | 3.68 | 0.88 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.42 |
| 4_U3 | … has good hearing ability. | 3.63 | 0.90 | –0.04 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.42 |
| 20_U3 | … likes listening to music and finds matching gestures or movements. | 3.63 | 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.40 |
| 5_U3 | … has a good memory for patterns. | 3.28 | 0.98 | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.34 |