Table 4.
General characteristics by tertiles of dietary pattern score tertiles.
| Variables | Traditional (n = 6,166) | Western (n = 6,166) | Prudent (n = 6,166) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value | |
| General information | ||||||||||||
| Number of participants | 2,056 (33.3) | 2,055 (33.3) | 2,055 (33.3) | 2,056 (33.3) | 2,055 (33.3) | 2,055 (33.3) | 2,056 (33.3) | 2,055 (33.3) | 2,055 (33.3) | |||
| Age (years) | 50.7 ± 8.0 | 51.7 ± 8.0 | 53.8 ± 7.9 | <0.001 | 54.7 ± 7.6 | 51.8 ± 7.9 | 49.7 ± 7.9 | <0.001 | 51.4 ± 8.4 | 52.1 ± 8.0 | 52.7 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| Less than middle school | 265 (12.9) | 268 (13.0) | 339 (16.5) | <0.001 | 435 (21.2) | 241 (11.7) | 196 (9.5) | <0.001 | 379 (18.4) | 275 (13.4) | 218 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| High school | 775 (37.7) | 803 (39.1) | 830 (40.4) | 861 (41.9) | 816 (39.7) | 731 (35.6) | 847 (41.2) | 813 (39.6) | 748 (36.4) | |||
| College or more | 872 (42.2) | 885 (43.1) | 782 (38.1) | 593 (28.8) | 902 (43.9) | 1,044 (50.8) | 700 (34.1) | 856 (41.7) | 983 (47.8) | |||
| Missing | 144 (7.0) | 99 (4.8) | 104 (5.1) | 167 (8.1) | 96 (4.7) | 84 (4.1) | 130 (6.3) | 111 (5.4) | 106 (5.2) | |||
| Household income (10,000 won/month) | ||||||||||||
| <200 | 394 (19.2) | 373 (18.2) | 437 (21.3) | 0.026 | 491 (23.9) | 367 (17.9) | 346 (16.8) | <0.001 | 468 (22.8) | 402 (19.6) | 334 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| 200–400 | 650 (31.6) | 699 (34.0) | 681 (33.1) | 675 (32.8) | 701 (34.1) | 654 (31.8) | 684 (33.3) | 673 (32.8) | 673 (32.8) | |||
| >400 | 723 (35.2) | 718 (34.9) | 655 (31.9) | 540 (26.3) | 730 (35.5) | 826 (40.2) | 590 (28.7) | 709 (34.5) | 797 (38.8) | |||
| Missing | 289 (14.1) | 265 (12.9) | 282 (13.7) | 350 (17.0) | 257 (12.5) | 229 (11.1) | 314 (15.3) | 271 (13.2) | 251 (12.2) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| With spouse | 1,627 (79.1) | 1,667 (81.1) | 1,659 (80.7) | 0.372 | 1,654 (80.5) | 1,650 (80.3) | 1,649 (80.2) | 0.759 | 1,642 (79.9) | 1,653 (80.4) | 1,658 (80.7) | 0.895 |
| Without spouse | 389 (18.9) | 360 (17.5) | 361 (17.6) | 358 (17.4) | 374 (18.2) | 378 (18.4) | 376 (18.3) | 365 (17.8) | 369 (18.0) | |||
| Missing | 40 (2.0) | 28 (1.4) | 35 (1.7) | 44 (2.1) | 31 (1.5) | 28 (1.4) | 38 (1.9) | 37 (1.8) | 28 (1.4) | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 1,866 (90.8) | 1,875 (91.2) | 1,911 (93.0) | 0.002 | 1,931 (93.9) | 1,912 (93.0) | 1,809 (88.0) | <0.001 | 1,854 (90.2) | 1,880 (91.5) | 1,918 (93.3) | <0.001 |
| Ex-smoker | 99 (4.8) | 93 (4.5) | 54 (2.6) | 62 (3.0) | 70 (3.4) | 114 (5.6) | 92 (4.5) | 87 (4.2) | 67 (3.3) | |||
| Current smoker | 53 (2.6) | 66 (3.2) | 58 (2.5) | 32 (1.6) | 47 (2.3) | 98 (4.8) | 83 (4.0) | 58 (2.8) | 36 (1.8) | |||
| Missing | 38 (1.9) | 21 (1.0) | 32 (2.8) | 31 (1.5) | 26 (1.3) | 34 (1.7) | 27 (1.3) | 30 (1.5) | 34 (1.7) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
| No (0 g/d) | 1,146 (55.7) | 1,141 (55.5) | 1,271 (61.9) | <0.001 | 1,398 (68.0) | 1,201 (58.4) | 959 (46.7) | <0.001 | 1,150 (55.9) | 1,156 (56.3) | 1,252 (60.9) | 0.002 |
| Light drinkers (<2.4 g/d) | 426 (20.7) | 437 (21.3) | 367 (17.9) | 316 (15.4) | 415 (20.2) | 499 (24.3) | 415 (20.2) | 416 (20.2) | 399 (19.4) | |||
| Heavy drinkers (≥2.4 g/d) | 419 (20.4) | 429 (20.9) | 361 (17.6) | 290 (14.1) | 382 (18.6) | 537 (26.1) | 436 (21.2) | 425 (20.7) | 348 (16.9) | |||
| Missing | 65 (3.2) | 48 (2.3) | 56 (2.7) | 52 (2.5) | 57 (2.8) | 60 (2.9) | 55 (2.7) | 58 (2.8) | 56 (2.7) | |||
| Regular exercise | ||||||||||||
| No | 1,012 (49.2) | 895 (43.6) | 797 (38.8) | <0.001 | 862 (41.9) | 826 (40.2) | 1,016 (49.4) | <0.001 | 1,110 (54.0) | 887 (43.2) | 707 (34.4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1,000 (47.6) | 1,121 (54.6) | 1,223 (59.5) | 1,154 (56.1) | 1,195 (58.2) | 995 (48.4) | 892 (43.4) | 1,131 (55.0) | 1,321 (64.3) | |||
| Missing | 44 (2.1) | 39 (1.9) | 35 (1.7) | 40 (2.0) | 34 (1.7) | 44 (2.1) | 54 (2.6) | 37 (1.8) | 27 (1.3) | |||
| Anthropometric and biochemical parameter | ||||||||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 3.0 | 23.2 ± 3.0 | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 0.001 | 23.3 ± 3.0 | 23.2 ± 2.9 | 23.1 ± 3.0 | 0.107 | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| General information | ||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.5 ± 14.7 | 123.7 ± 15.2 | 124.5 ± 14.5 | <0.001 | 125.1 ± 15.3 | 124.3 ± 14.8 | 121.3 ± 14.2 | <0.001 | 124.2 ± 14.9 | 123.7 ± 14.9 | 122.8 ± 14.7 | 0.007 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.5 ± 10.3 | 74.0 ± 10.5 | 74.9 ± 10.0 | <0.001 | 74.9 ± 10.4 | 74.6 ± 10.3 | 72.9 ± 10.0 | <0.001 | 74.7 ± 10.4 | 74.1 ± 10.3 | 73.7 ± 10.0 | 0.006 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 73.7 ± 7.4 | 74.0 ± 7.4 | 74.8 ± 7.7 | <0.001 | 74.7 ± 7.7 | 74.1 ± 7.4 | 73.7 ± 7.4 | <0.001 | 74.7 ± 7.5 | 74.3 ± 7.6 | 73.5 ± 7.4 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 91.0 ± 15.5 | 90.9 ± 14.1 | 92.0 ± 16.3 | 0.028 | 93.0 ± 18.0 | 91.2 ± 14.3 | 89.7 ± 13.1 | <0.001 | 91.3 ± 16.0 | 91.8 ± 15.5 | 90.8 ± 14.5 | 0.095 |
| Energy (kcal) | 1,540.9 ± 529.5 | 1,622.7 ± 535.6 | 1,667.6 ± 628.0 | <0.001 | 1,535.4 ± 484.5 | 1,629.9 ± 545.0 | 1,665.9 ± 655.0 | <0.001 | 1,527.7 ± 512.1 | 1,636.8 ± 547.5 | 1,666.7 ± 630.3 | <0.001 |
| Blood lipid profiles | ||||||||||||
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 105.6 ± 67.8 | 103.0 ± 62.5 | 107.0 ± 61.1 | 0.129 | 111.0 ± 65.4 | 103.6 ± 63.0 | 101.1 ± 62.7 | <0.001 | 110.7 ± 70.1 | 105.0 ± 61.1 | 100.0 ± 59.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201.7 ± 36.3 | 200.4 ± 35.8 | 203.7 ± 36.9 | 0.013 | 201.4 ± 36.0 | 201.3 ± 36.7 | 203.1 ± 36.4 | 0.220 | 199.5 ± 36.1 | 201.7 ± 36.8 | 204.6 ± 36.1 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 63.0 ± 14.7 | 62.5 ± 14.1 | 62.3 ± 14.6 | 0.220 | 61.3 ± 14.2 | 62.7 ± 14.4 | 63.9 ± 14.6 | <0.001 | 61.0 ± 14.0 | 62.4 ± 14.5 | 64.4 ± 14.5 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117.6 ± 32.8 | 117.2 ± 32.6 | 120.0 ± 33.5 | 0.012 | 117.9 ± 32.6 | 117.9 ± 33.3 | 119.0 ± 33.0 | 0.478 | 116.4 ± 32.8 | 118.3 ± 33.1 | 120.2 ± 32.9 | 0.001 |
Categorical variables are summarized as numbers (percentages) and compared using Chi-square test. Continuous variables are summarized as mean±standard deviation and compared using the generalized linear model. LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.