Figure 2.

Forest plot for OS. Compared with RT alone, ICI combined with RT significantly reduced the risk of death (whether OS was defined from the date of BMs diagnosis or the date of RT). This survival benefit was reflected in malignant melanoma or other tumors (such as lung cancer). RT for patients who benefited from combination therapy included SRS or WBRT. It should be noted that in some patients receiving WBRT combined with ICI, the OS benefit was not significantly, when OS is defined as the beginning of radiotherapy. ICI, immune checkpoint inhibition; BMs, brain metastases; OS, overall survival; RT, radiotherapy; SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery; WBRT, whole brain radiotherapy.