Table 1. Checkpoint inhibitors currently under investigation in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical trials.
| Phase | NCT number | Agents | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Check-point inhibitors as monotherapy | |||
| 1b/2 | 01658878 | Nivolumab | PD-1 |
| 3 | 02702414 | Pembrolizumab | PD-1 |
| 3 | 02576509 | Nivolumab vs. Sorafenib | PD-1 |
| 3 | 02702401 | Pembrolizumab vs. BSC | PD-1 |
| Combination of check-point inhibitors | |||
| 1b/2 | 01658878 | Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 |
| 1b/2 | 03071094 | Nivolumab + PexaVac | PD-1 |
| 1b/2 | 02519348 | Tremelimumab + Durvalumab vs. Durvalumab vs. Tremelimumab | PD-L1 + CTLA-4 |
| Association of check-point inhibitors with other antineoplastic agents/therapies | |||
| 2 | 03439891 | Nivolumab + Sorafenib | PD-1 + multikinase |
| 1 | 03299946 | Nivolumab + Cabozantinib | PD-1 + multikinase |
| 1 | 03418922 | Nivolumab + Lenvatinib | PD-1 + multikinase |
| 1b/2 | 02859324 | Nivolumab + CC-122 | PD-1 & pleiotropic pathway modifier |
| 1b/2 | 02423343 | Nivolumab + Galunisertib | PD-1 & TGFb |
| 1 | 03382886 | Nivolumab + Bevacizumab | PD-1 + VEGF |
| 1b/2 | 03033446 02837029 |
Nivolumab + Y90 radioembolization | PD-1+ radiation |
| 1 | 01853618 | Tremelimumab + TACE | CTLA-4 + chemoembolization |
| Tremelimumab + RFA | CTLA-4 + ablation | ||
| 1a/b | 02572687 | Durvalumab + Ramucirumab | PD-1 + VEGFR2 |
| 1b | 02856425 | Pembrolizumab + Nintedanib | PD-1 + multikinase |
| 1 | 03006926 | Pembrolizumab + Lenvatinib | PD-1 + multikinase |
| 1b | 02988440 | PDR001 + Sorafenib | PD-1 + multikinase |
| 1b/2 | 02795429 | PDR001 vs. PDR001 + Capmatinib | PD-1 + c-met |
PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; Y90, yttrium 90; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.