Table 1. Patient characteristics and results of univariate analysis.
| Patient characteristics | N (%) | Morbidity (% of a subgroup) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 194(100) | 66 (34.02) | ||
| eSAS* | 194 (100) | 0.54±0.50 | 0.55 (0.46–0.66) | 0.000 |
| Age | ||||
| <50 | 5 (2.58) | 1 (1.52) | Reference | |
| 50–59 | 45 (23.2) | 16 (24.24) | 2.21 (0.23–21.46) | 0.495 |
| 60–69 | 98 (50.52) | 33 (50) | 2.03 (0.22–18.9) | 0.534 |
| 70–79 | 40 (20.62) | 14 (21.21) | 2.15 (0.22–21.18) | 0.511 |
| >80 | 6 (3.09) | 2 (3.03) | 2 (0.13–31.97) | 0.624 |
| BMI | ||||
| <18.5 | 18 (9.28) | 10 (15.15) | 4.86 (1.49–15.88) | 0.009 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 44 (22.68) | 9 (13.64) | Reference | |
| 24.0–27.9 | 46 (23.71) | 11 (16.67) | 1.22 (0.45–3.31) | 0.693 |
| 28.0–32.0 | 32 (16.49) | 12 (18.18) | 2.33 (0.84–6.5) | 0.105 |
| >32.0 | 54 (27.84) | 24 (36.36) | 3.11 (1.25–7.71) | 0.014 |
| Operative duration | ||||
| ≤4 h | 129 (66.49) | 35 (53.03) | Reference | |
| >4 h | 65 (33.51) | 31 (46.97) | 2.45 (1.31–4.56) | 0.005 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 15 (7.73) | 5 (7.58) | Reference | |
| Male | 179 (92.27) | 61 (92.42) | 1.03 (0.34–3.16) | 0.954 |
| Surgical approach | ||||
| OE | 126 (64.95) | 47 (71.21) | Reference | |
| MIE | 44 (22.68) | 9 (13.64) | 0.43 (0.19–0.98) | 0.044 |
| Hybrid | 24 (12.37) | 10 (15.15) | 1.20 (0.49–2.92) | 0.687 |
| ASA classification | ||||
| I–II | 83 (42.78) | 20 (30.3) | Reference | |
| III–IV | 111 (57.22) | 46 (69.7) | 2.23 (1.19–4.18) | 0.013 |
| Abdominal or chest operation | ||||
| No | 161 (82.99) | 58 (87.88) | Reference | |
| Yes | 33 (17.01) | 8 (12.12) | 0.57 (0.24–1.34) | 0.197 |
| Pulmonary disease | ||||
| No | 161 (82.99) | 52 (78.79) | Reference | |
| Yes | 33 (17.01) | 14 (21.21) | 1.54 (0.72–3.32) | 0.266 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| No | 108 (55.67) | 40 (60.61) | Reference | |
| Yes | 86 (44.33) | 26 (39.39) | 0.74 (0.4–1.35) | 0.321 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No | 156 (80.41) | 40 (60.61) | Reference | |
| Yes | 38 (19.59) | 26 (39.39) | 6.28 (2.9–13.61) | 0.000 |
| Chronic renal disease | ||||
| No | 172 (88.66) | 61 (92.42) | Reference | |
| Yes | 22 (11.34) | 5 (7.58) | 0.54 (0.19–1.52) | 0.241 |
| Chronic liver disease | ||||
| No | 176 (90.72) | 62 (93.94) | Reference | |
| Yes | 18 (9.28) | 4 (6.06) | 0.53 (0.17–1.66) | 0.274 |
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 133 (68.56) | 40 (60.61) | Reference | |
| Yes | 61 (31.44) | 26 (39.39) | 1.73 (0.92–3.24) | 0.088 |
| Alcohol | ||||
| No | 168 (86.6) | 59 (89.39) | Reference | |
| Yes | 26 (13.4) | 7 (10.61) | 0.68 (0.27–1.71) | 0.414 |
| Neoadjuvant CRT or CT | ||||
| No | 146 (75.26) | 52 (78.79) | Reference | |
| Yes | 48 (24.74) | 14 (21.21) | 0.74 (0.37–1.51) | 0.414 |
*, mean ± SD. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.