Table 1. The clinicopathological features of the metastatic bladder cancer patients.
| Features | Data |
|---|---|
| Clinical features | |
| Median age, year (IQR) | |
| Age at diagnosis | 64.8 (58.4–69.8) |
| Age at metastasis | 66.6 (60.0–71.4) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 137 (84.6%) |
| Female | 25 (15.4%) |
| Smoking history | |
| Yes | 74 (45.7%) |
| No | 88 (54.3%) |
| Abdominal CT or MRI | |
| Negative | 78 (55.3%) |
| Enlarged lymph node | 31 (22%) |
| visceral metastasis | 48 (34%) |
| Adjuvant therapy | |
| Yes | 33 (20.4%) |
| No | 129 (79.6%) |
| Metastases treatment | |
| Yes | 113 (69.8%) |
| No | 49 (30.2%) |
| Surgical approach | |
| Open | 130 (80.2%) |
| Laparoscopic | 29 (17.9%) |
| Robot-assisted | 3 (1.9%) |
| Treatment regimens for metastases | |
| GP | 19 (46.3%) |
| Gemox | 9 (22.0%) |
| M-VAC | 1 (2.4%) |
| TS | 4 (9.8%) |
| TP | 3 (7.3%) |
| TC | 2 (4.9%) |
| Apatinib | 1 (2.4%) |
| GA | 2 (4.9%) |
| GTC | 2 (4.9%) |
| Other chemotherapy regimens | 13 (31.7%) |
| Radiotherapy | 9 (22.0%) |
| Pathological features | |
| Size (cm) | |
| Mean ± SD (range) | 3.73±1.72 (1–10) |
| median (IQR) | 3.70 (2.5–5.0) |
| Type of size | |
| <3 cm | 50 (30.9%) |
| ≥3 cm | 112 (69.1%) |
| Growth pattern | |
| Single | 44 (27.2%) |
| Multifocal | 118 (72.8%) |
| Grade | |
| G1/2 | 10 (6.2%) |
| G3 | 152 (93.8%) |
| Pathological stage | |
| PTa/1 | 11 (6.8%) |
| PT2 | 28 (17.3%) |
| PT3 | 60 (37%) |
| PT4 | 63 (38.9%) |
| CIS | |
| Yes | 4 (2.5%) |
| No | 158 (97.5%) |
| LVI | |
| Positive | 46 (28.4%) |
| Negative | 116 (71.6%) |
| Types of cancer | |
| Urothelial carcinoma | 158 (97.5%) |
| Adenocarcinoma | 34 (21%) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 23 (14.2%) |
| Sarcomatoid carcinoma | 4 (2.5%) |
| Others | 2 (1.2%) |
| Margin status | |
| Negative | 135 (83.3%) |
| Positive | 27 (16.7%) |
| Location | |
| Lateral wall | 96 (59.3%) |
| Posterior wall | 35 (21.6%) |
| Anterior wall | 27 (16.7%) |
| Trigone | 72 (44.4%) |
| Dome | 17 (10.5%) |
| bladder neck | 16 (9.9%) |
| Metastatic features | |
| Synchronous | 62 (38.3%) |
| Metachronous | 100 (61.7%) |
| Local recurrence | |
| Yes | 56 (34.6%) |
| No | 106 (65.4%) |
| Lymph node metastasis | 94 (58%) |
| Only lymph node metastasis | 18 (11.1%) |
| Visceral metastasis | |
| Lung | 53 (32.7%) |
| Bone | 33 (20.4%) |
| Liver | 39 (24.1%) |
| Prostate | 37 (22.8%) |
| Brain | 3 (1.9%) |
| Others | 81 (50%) |
| Number of visceral metastasis | |
| 0 | 15 (9.3%) |
| 1 | 69 (42.6%) |
| 2 | 44 (27.2%) |
| ≥3 | 34 (21%) |
| Lymph node dissection | |
| Yes | 123 (75.9%) |
| No | 39 (24.1%) |
| Removed lymph node | |
| Mean ± SD (range) | 8.42±5.45 (1–32) |
| Positive lymph node | |
| Mean ± SD (range) | 2.47±2.09 (1–11) |
| LND | |
| Median (IQR) | 25 (11.1–58.8) |
| Bilateral positive lymph node | |
| Yes | 21 (17.1%) |
| No | 102 (82.9%) |
| MFI (months) | |
| <12 | 110 (67.9%) |
| 12–24 | 19 (11.7%) |
| 24–36 | 10 (6.2%) |
| 36–48 | 9 (5.6%) |
| 48–60 | 8 (4.9%) |
| ≥60 | 6 (3.7%) |
IQR, interquartile range; CT, computer tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; GP, gemcitabine and cisplatin; Gemox, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin; TS, paclitaxel and tiggio; M-VAC, methotrexate; vinblastine; doxorubicin; and cisplatin; TP, paclitaxel and cisplatin; TC, paclitaxel and carboplatin; GA, gemcitabine and epirubicin; GTC, gemcitabine; paclitaxel and cisplatin. LVI, lymphovascular invasion. LND, Lymph node density; SD, standard deviation; MFI, metastasis-free interval.