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. 2021 Nov;10(11):4773–4785. doi: 10.21037/tcr-21-980

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2021 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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THP-1 monocytes promoted the invasiveness and EMT switch of PC cells. (A) Phase contrast microscopy showed a change in morphology for PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cell lines. Both PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells lost their cell-to-cell contact, became elongated, and branched together when cocultured with THP-1 monocytes. (B) Migratory and invasive abilities of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells coculturing with THP-1 monocytes were evaluated by Transwell assay. The penetrating cells were stained with 0.05% crystal violet. (C) Histogram analysis for penetrating cells. (D) EMT-related markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) were detected by western blotting. THP-1 monocytes induced PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells upregulation of vimentin while downregulating E-cadherin. Magnification: 100×. Scale bars: 100 µm. *, P<0.05. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; PC, pancreatic cancer.