Table 2. Univariate Cox regression model analysis for OS and CSS in nomogram cohort.
| Characteristics | Overall survival (OS) | Cancer-specific survival (CSS) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | |||||
| <50 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| 50–64 | 0.945 (0.598–1.494) | 0.808 | 1.024 (0.597–1.754) | 0.932 | |
| 64–79 | 0.999 (0.638–1.563) | 0.995 | 0.895 (0.522–1.533) | 0.686 | |
| ≥80 | 1.375 (0.839–2.253) | 0.207 | 1.146 (0.625–2.104) | 0.659 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Female | 1.191 (0.899–1.578) | 0.224 | 1.178 (0.835–1.660) | 0.350 | |
| Race | |||||
| Caucasian | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| African | 1.323 (0.918–1.907) | 0.133 | 1.370 (0.886–2.119) | 0.157 | |
| Other | 1.067 (0.649–1.754) | 0.797 | 0.994 (0.537–1.841) | 0.986 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Single | 1.512 (1.161–1.970) | 0.002 | 1.341 (0.972–1.850) | 0.074 | |
| Unknown | 0.884 (0.509–1.534) | 0.660 | 0.604 (0.280–1.302) | 0.198 | |
| Primary site | |||||
| Trigone of bladder | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Dome of bladder | 0.729 (0.359–1.479) | 0.381 | 0.799 (0.315–2.027) | 0.637 | |
| Lateral wall of bladder | 0.956 (0.496–1.841) | 0.892 | 1.049 (0.445–2.476) | 0.912 | |
| Anterior wall of bladder | 1.101 (0.396–3.060) | 0.854 | 1.574 (0.473–5.234) | 0.459 | |
| Posterior wall of bladder | 1.202 (0.597–2.420) | 0.606 | 1.333 (0.536–3.318) | 0.536 | |
| Bladder neck | 0.742 (0.299–1.842) | 0.520 | 1.187 (0.411–3.426) | 0.751 | |
| Ureteric orifice | 0.291 (0.037–2.287) | 0.241 | 0.708 (0.088–5.675) | 0.745 | |
| Urachus | 0.439 (0.168–1.145) | 0.092 | 0.538 (0.162–1.789) | 0.312 | |
| Overlapping lesion of bladder | 1.116 (0.601–2.071) | 0.729 | 1.597 (0.727–3.506) | 0.244 | |
| Bladder, NOS | 1.265 (0.726–2.205) | 0.407 | 1.537 (0.742–3.183) | 0.248 | |
| Grade | |||||
| II | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| III | 4.183 (1.031–16.972) | 0.045 | 2.612 (0.643–10.608) | 0.179 | |
| IV | 3.290 (0.799–13.552) | 0.099 | 2.115 (0.510–8.764) | 0.302 | |
| Unknown | 3.810 (0.924–15.712) | 0.064 | 2.034 (0.485–8.530) | 0.332 | |
| T stage | |||||
| Tis | 0.347 (0.047–2.543) | 0.298 | 0.001 (0.0001–2.520) | 0.949 | |
| T1 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| T2 | 1.003 (0.650–1.548) | 0.990 | 1.542 (0.854–2.787) | 0.151 | |
| T3 | 1.142 (0.723–1.803) | 0.569 | 1.692 (0.912–3.136) | 0.095 | |
| T4 | 1.615 (1.076–2.425) | 0.021 | 2.463 (1.405–4.138) | 0.002 | |
| Unknown | 1.386 (0.778–2.471) | 0.268 | 1.302 (0.552–3.072) | 0.547 | |
| N stage | |||||
| N0 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| N1 | 1.306 (0.909–1.877) | 0.149 | 1.227 (0.784–1.921) | 0.370 | |
| N2 | 1.610 (1.145–2.264) | 0.006 | 1.781 (1.202–2.637) | 0.004 | |
| N3 | 1.098 (0.272–4.440) | 0.895 | 0.777 (0.108–5.578) | 0.802 | |
| Unknown | 1.244 (0.741–2.087) | 0.409 | 0.912 (0.443–1.877) | 0.803 | |
| M stage | |||||
| M0 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| M1 | 2.613 (1.939–3.521) | <0.001 | 2.940 (2.076–4.163) | <0.001 | |
| Unknown | 1.026 (0.524–2.008) | 0.941 | 0.693 (0.255–1.879) | 0.471 | |
| Surgery | |||||
| No surgery | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| TURBT | 0.662 (0.457–0.958) | 0.029 | 1.055 (0.638–1.743) | 0.836 | |
| Partial cystectomy | 0.271 (0.146–0.504) | <0.001 | 0.320 (0.136–0.755) | 0.009 | |
| Radical cystectomy | 0.433 (0.302–0.621) | <0.001 | 0.701 (0.428–1.146) | 0.157 | |
| Other | 0.781 (0.460–1.324) | 0.359 | 1.118 (0.559–2.233) | 0.753 | |
| Radiation | |||||
| No/unknown | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.512 (1.110–2.059) | 0.009 | 1.367 (0.931–2.007) | 0.111 | |
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| No/unknown | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.092 (0.846–1.410) | 0.497 | 1.230 (0.903–1.675) | 0.189 | |
| Size (cm) | |||||
| ≤5.5 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| >5.5 | 2.390 (1.567–3.646) | <0.001 | 2.714 (1.663–4.428) | <0.001 | |
| Unknown | 1.864 (1.397–2.485) | <0.001 | 1.795 (1.261–2.554) | 0.001 | |
| LNR | |||||
| No LN removed | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| More than one LN removed | <0.001 | 0.007 | |||
| LNR =0 | 0.340 (0.226–0.510) | <0.001 | 0.402 (0.250–0.647) | <0.001 | |
| ≤0.90 | 0.789 (0.569–1.094) | 0.155 | 0.836 (0.564–1.238) | 0.371 | |
| >0.90 | 1.451 (0.737–2.857) | 0.282 | 1.660 (0.767–3.594) | 0.198 | |
| Unknown | 0.603 (0.326–1.115) | 0.107 | 0.578 (0.268–1.249) | 0.163 | |
OS, overall survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor; LNR, lymph node ratio; LN, lymph node.