Table 3. List of common lncRNA biomarkers for esophageal cancer.
| Name | Expression | Mechanism | Biomarker potency | Site of detection | Detection method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINC00152 | ↑ (100) | Interacts with EZH2, positively regulate the expression of ZEB1, enhance the EMT of EC cells (101) | (i), (iii) | Whole blood (100), Animal (100,101) (a, b) | RT-qPCR, Tumor formation study, | (100,101) |
| HOTTIP | ↑ | Up-regulated snail1 by competitively binding miR-30b, regulate the Hottip-miR-30b-HOXA13 axis in ESCC | (i), (ii), (iii) | Tumor, cell line (a) | RT-qPCR, Dual-luciferase reporter assay | (102) |
| FOXD2-AS1 | ↑ (103) | Regulate miR-145-5p/CDK6 axis, significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of esophageal cancer cells (104) | (i), (iii), (iv) (103,104) | Tumor (a) | RT-qPCR, WB | (103,104) |
| HOTAIR | ↑ (97) | HOTAIR decreased WIF-1 expression, regulate HOTAIR/WIF-1 axis (105) | (ii) (106,107) | Tumor, serum (a) | Microarray, RT-qPCR | (97,105-107) |
| PVT1 | ↑ | Competitively bind miRNA- 203, regulate the expression of human recombinant LIM and SH3 protein 1 in ESCC | (ii) | tumor, mice (a, b) | RT-qPCR, Immunohistochemical, Tumor formation study, | (108) |
| AK001796 | ↑ | Regulate the MDM2/P53 signal pathway in ESCC | (ii) | Tumor, mice (a, b) | RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, Tumor formation study, | (109) |
| MEG3 | ↓ | Interact with MI R-4261, inhabit recombinant DKK2 and block Wnt/β-catenin signaling, inhibit the occurrence and development of ESCC | (i), (ii) | Tumor, mice (a, b) | RT-qPCR, Luciferase reporter assay, WB, Tumor formation study, | (110) |
| LncRNA-TUSC7 | ↓ | bound to miR-224, miR-224 specifically bound to DESC1, DESC1 inhibited chemotherapy resistance of ESCC cells via EGFR/AKT | (i), (iii), (iv) | Tumor (a) | RT-qPCR, bioinformatics | (111) |
↑, represents up-regulated gene expression in tumor tissue; ↓, represents down-regulated gene expression in tumor tissue; (i), diagnostic; (ii), prognostic; (iii), therapeutic; (iv), metastasis monitoring. RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR; WB, western blot; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell cancer.