Table 1. Potential clinical applications for exosomes in cancer.
| Value of exosomes in cancer | Type of cancer | Marker in exosomes | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | Colorectal cancer (96) | Circulating exosomes in plasma | The level of exosomes in cancer patients is statistically higher than that in healthy controls, and the numbers of exosomes were associated with degree of tumor differentiation and overall survival |
| Prostate cancer (97) | Circulating exosomes in plasma | ||
| Colorectal cancer (98) | mir21, mir23a, mir-1229, mir-1246, mir-150 | The level of certain miRNAs in exosomes were upregulated in tumor group compared to those in healthy group | |
| Gastric cancer (99) | Linc00152 | The level of LINC00152 in exosomes was higher in plasma of gastric cancer patients compared to those in healthy group | |
| Pancreatic cancer (100) | GPC1 protein | GPC1+ exosomes can serve as pancreatic cancer-specific markers for early diagnosis and assessing the possibility of curative surgery | |
| Drug delivery platform | Multiple drug resistance cancer cells (101) | PTX | exoPTX has significant potential for the delivery of various chemotherapeutics to treat drug resistant cancers |
| Treatment | Pancreatic cancer cells (102) | Gw4869 | Inhibition of exosomes biogenesis blocks cancer cell derived exosomes oncogenic roles |
| Hematopoietic cell (103) | Calcium | Calcium is an important regulator of exosomes biogenesis | |
| Bladder cancer cells (104) | Heparin | Heparin suppress exosomes uptake in bladder cancer cells | |
| Immunotherapy | Melanoma patients (105) | Dendritic cell-derived exosomes | Exosomes from dendritic cell are relatively safe and have positive effects on patients with tumors |
| NSCLC (106) | Dendritic cell-derived exosomes |
GPC1, glypican-1; PTX, paclitaxel; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; miRNAs, microRNAs.