Table 2.
Comparative analysis of the methods in terms of accuracy, precision/PPV, recall/sensitivity, specificity, NPV and F1-score.
| Method | Model/Backbone | Accuracy | Precision | Sensitivity | Specificity | NPV | F1-score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [35] | VGG19 | 98.75 | – | 92.85 | 98.75 | – | – |
| MobileNetV2 | 97.40 | – | 99.10 | 97.09 | – | – | |
| Inception | 86.13 | – | 12.94 | 99.70 | – | – | |
| Xception | 85.57 | – | 0.08 | 99.99 | – | – | |
| InceptionResNetV2 | 84.38 | – | 0.01 | 99.83 | – | – | |
| [36] | InceptionV3 | 95.4 | 73.4 | 90.6 | 96.0 | – | 81.1 |
| ResNet50 | 96.1 | 76.5 | 91.8 | 96.6 | – | 83.5 | |
| ResNet101 | 96.1 | 84.2 | 78.3 | 98.2 | – | 81.2 | |
| ResNet152 | 93.9 | 74.8 | 65.4 | 97.3 | – | 69.8 | |
| InceptionResNetV2 | 94.2 | 67.7 | 83.5 | 95.4 | – | 74.8 | |
| [37] | InceptionV3 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| [41] | ResNet18 | – | – | 98.0 | 90.7 | – | – |
| ResNet50 | – | – | 98.0 | 89.6 | – | – | |
| SqueezeNet | – | – | 98.0 | 92.9 | – | – | |
| DenseNet121 | – | – | 98.0 | 75.1 | – | – | |
| [42] | VGG19 | 90.0 | 83.0 | 100 | – | – | 91.0 |
| DenseNet201 | 90.0 | 83.0 | 100 | – | – | 91.0 | |
| ResNetV2 | 70.0 | 100 | 40.0 | – | – | 57.0 | |
| InceptionResNetV2 | 80.0 | 100 | 60.0 | – | – | 75.0 | |
| XceptionNet | 80.0 | 100 | 60.0 | – | – | 75.0 | |
| MobileNetV2 | 60.0 | 100 | 20.0 | – | – | 33.0 | |
| [46] | VGG19 | 99.6 | 99.2 | 98.6 | 99.8 | – | 98.9 |
| ResNet18 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 99.3 | – | 99.6 | |
| DenseNet201 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.55 | – | 99.7 | |
| SqueezeNet | 99.4 | 99.4 | 99.4 | 99.84 | – | 98.4 | |
| MobileNetV2 | 99.65 | 99.65 | 99.65 | 99.26 | – | 99.65 | |
| ResNet101 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 99.31 | – | 99.6 | |
| InceptionV3 | 99.40 | 98.80 | 98.33 | 99.7 | – | 98.56 | |
| [47] | ResNet | 89.0 | 67.0 | 89.0 | 85.0 | – | 76.0 |
| InceptionV3 | 88.0 | 90.0 | 88.0 | 90.0 | – | 85.0 | |
| InceptionResNetV2 | 95.0 | 97.0 | 96.0 | 94 | – | 96.0 | |
| DenseNet169 | 92.0 | 94.0 | 96.0 | 95.0 | – | 95.0 | |
| NASNetLarge | 98.0 | 95.0 | 91.0 | 98.0 | – | 98.0 | |
| [48] | Inception | 89.5 | 71.0 | 88.0 | 87.0 | 95.0 | 77.0 |
| [51] | AlexNet | 96.1 | 96.52 | 95.37 | – | – | 95.94 |
| ResNet18 | 99.0 | 98.97 | 98.97 | – | – | 98.97 | |
| GoogLeNet | 96.8 | 98.63 | 98.31 | – | – | 94.46 | |
| SqueezeNet | 97.8 | 93.6 | 95.88 | – | – | 98.47 | |
| [52] | CNN | 84.18 | 94.05 | 78.33 | 93.07 | – | 85.66 |
| VGG16 | 86.26 | 87.73 | 85.22 | 87.36 | – | 86.46 | |
| VGG19 | 85.94 | 80.39 | 90.43 | 82.35 | – | 85.11 | |
| ResNet50 | 96.61 | 98.46 | 94.92 | 98.43 | – | 96.67 | |
| MobileNetV2 | 96.27 | 98.06 | 94.61 | 98.02 | – | 96.30 | |
| InceptionV3 | 94.59 | 93.75 | 95.35 | 93.85 | – | 94.54 | |
| InceptionResNetV2 | 96.09 | 98.61 | 93.88 | 98.53 | – | 96.19 | |
| DenseNet201 | 93.66 | 99.01 | 89.44 | 98.89 | – | 93.98 | |
| Xception | 83.14 | 95.77 | 76.45 | 94.34 | – | 85.03 | |
| [56] | VGG19+CNN | 98.05 | 98.43 | 98.05 | 99.5 | 99.3 | 98.24 |
| ResNet152V2 | 95.31 | 95.31 | 95.31 | 98.4 | 98.4 | 95.31 | |
| ResNet152V2+GRU | 96.09 | 96.06 | 96.09 | 98.7 | 98.7 | 96.09 | |
| ResNet152V2+Bi-GRU | 93.36 | 93.35 | 93.16 | 97.8 | 97.8 | 93.26 |