Table 1. Clinical and pathological features of the training and validation groups.
| Variable | SEER training group | CICAMS validation group |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 441 | 39 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 284 (64.40%) | 37 (94.87%) |
| Female | 157 (35.60%) | 2 (5.13%) |
| Age, median (Q1–Q3) | 32.00 (21.00–38.00) | 35.00 (31.50–39.00) |
| Racea | ||
| White | 265 (60.09%) | – |
| Black | 50 (11.34%) | – |
| Other | 122 (27.66%) | 39 (100.00%) |
| Unknown | 4 (0.91%) | – |
| Insurance recode | ||
| Insured and any Medicaid | 288 (65.31%) | 35 (89.74%) |
| Uninsured | 8 (1.81%) | 4 (10.26%) |
| Unknown | 145 (32.88%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Marital status | ||
| Unmarried | 169 (38.32%) | 14 (35.90%) |
| Married | 260 (58.96%) | 25 (64.10%) |
| Unknownb | 12 (2.72%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Grade | ||
| Grades I+II | 111 (25.17%) | 10 (25.64%) |
| Grades III+IV | 252 (57.14%) | 15 (38.46%) |
| Unknown | 111 (25.17%) | 14 (35.89%) |
| AJCC stage 7th | ||
| I | 190 (43.08%) | 30 (76.9%) |
| II | 93 (21.09%) | 3 (7.6%) |
| III | 74 (16.78%) | 5 (12.8%) |
| IV | 62 (14.06%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Unknown | 22 (4.99%) | 1 (2.5%) |
| T stage | ||
| T1 | 210 (47.62%) | 30 (76.92%) |
| T2 | 106 (24.04%) | 3 (7.69%) |
| T3 | 89 (20.18%) | 5 (12.82%) |
| T4 | 21 (4.76%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Tx | 15 (3.40%) | 1 (2.56%) |
| N stage | ||
| N0 | 388 (87.98%) | 39 (100.00%) |
| N1 | 40 (9.07%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Nx | 13 (2.95%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| M stage | ||
| M0 | 402 (91.16%) | 39 (100.00%) |
| M1 | 35 (7.94%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Mx | 4 (0.91%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| BCLC | ||
| 0 | – | 3 (7.6%) |
| A | – | 25 (64.1%) |
| B | – | 11 (28.2%) |
| C | – | 0 (0.00%) |
| Surgery to the liver-detail | ||
| Local tumor destruction | 32 (7.26%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Wedge or segmental resection | 132 (29.93%) | 26 (66.6%) |
| Lobectomy | 128 (29.02%) | 4 (10.2%) |
| Extended lobectomy | 34 (7.71%) | 26 (66.6%) |
| Hepatectomy, NOS | 107 (24.26%) | 2 (5.1%) |
| Surgery, NOS | 8 (1.82%) | 7 (17.9%) |
| Surgery to LN | ||
| No | 302 (68.48%) | 35 (89.7%) |
| Yes | 136 (30.84%) | 4 (10.2%) |
| Unknown | 3 (0.68%) | 0 (0%) |
| AFP | ||
| Positive/elevated | 196 (44.44%) | 25 (64.1%) |
| Negative/normal | 144 (32.65%) | 13 (33.3%) |
| Unknown | 101 (22.90%) | 1 (2.5%) |
| Fibrosis score | ||
| 0–4 | 71 (16.10%) | 13 (34.21%) |
| 5–6 | 43 (9.75%) | 15 (39.47%) |
| Unknown | 327 (74.15%) | 10 (26.32%) |
| Tumor size group (mm) | ||
| 0–20 | 55 (12.47%) | 1 (2.56%) |
| 21–50 | 114 (25.85%) | 21 (53.85%) |
| 51–100 | 109 (24.72%) | 10 (25.64%) |
| ≥101 | 140 (31.75%) | 6 (15.38%) |
| Unknown | 23 (5.22%) | 1 (2.56%) |
| Overall survival | ||
| Alive | 266 (60.32%) | 32 (82.05%) |
| Dead | 175 (39.68%) | 7 (17.95%) |
| Cancer-specific survival | ||
| Alive | 266 (60.32%) | 32 (82.05%) |
| Death due to cancer | 155 (35.15%) | 7 (17.95%) |
| Death due to other reasons | 20 (4.54%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Survival months, median (Q1–Q3) | 41.00 (17.00–86.00) | 52.00 (29.00–65.00) |
a, includes American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander; b, divorced/separated/single (never married)/unmarried or domestic partner/widowed.