Table 1. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of CMML patients with leukemia cutis reported in the literature (n=89, 1983–2019).
| No. of cases | Sex/age (year) | Presentation of skin lesions/location | Cytogenetics | Organomegaly | Treatment | Response of skin lesions to treatment | Progression① (yes/no) | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | M:2, F:2;/mean age: 68 | Papules [3]; purpura [1]/chest [1]; * [3] | Normal | Hepatomegaly [2]; splenomegaly [2] | Steroids, polychemotherapy | Resistant | Yes [1]; * [3] | Dead | (4) |
| 1 | F/44 | Erythematous papules/leg | * | * | RT; hydroxyurea | Resistant | Yes (chloroma) | Dead | (5) |
| 1 | M/74 | Nodules/widespread | * | Lymphadenopathy | Polychemotherapy | Resistant | Yes (AMML) | Dead | (6) |
| 4 | M:1, F:3;/mean age:81 | Papules [1]; nodules [1]; pruritic rash [2]/extremities, trunk [3]; widespread [1] | * | * | Cytarabine, razoxane etoposide; RT | Resistant [1]; PR [2]; CR [1] |
* | Dead [3]; alive [1] | (7) |
| 1 | M/68 | Nodules/face, chest back | * | Splenomegaly | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine hydroxyurea | Relapse (3 mon) |
Yes (AMML) | Dead | (8) |
| 1 | M/69 | Pruritic nodules/chest, back, scalp | * | No | Minocycline, Ara-C | PR | Yes | Dead | (9) |
| 4 | M:3, F:1;/mean age: 55 | * | Normal [3]; abnormal [1] | * | Polychemotherapy | * | * | Dead | (10) |
| 1 | M/57 | Erythematous papules/trunk, extremities | * | Lymphadenopathy | Mitoxantrone, Ara-C, intrathecal methotrexate | * | No | Dead | (11) |
| 1 | M/56 | Purple plaques/forehead, widespread | * | Parotid gland swelling | Daunombicin, Ara-C, etoposide; RT | Relapse, resistant | Yes (AML-M4) | Dead | (12) |
| 1 | M/59 | Pruritic nodules/back, chest, face, scalp | * | No | Polychemotherapy; RT | Relapse | * | * | (13) |
| 1 | M/65 | Erythematous nodules/chest, abdomen | Normal | Testicular swelling | Etoposide; RT | Relapse (4 mon) and resistant | Yes (AML) | Dead | (14) |
| 1 | F/95 | Red nodules/trunk, legs | Trisomy 8 | * | Hydroxycarbamide; palliative care | Resistant | * | * | (15) |
| 1 | M/64 | Erythematous papules, nodules/face, perioral area | * | * | Hydroxyurea | * | Yes (AML) | Dead | (16) |
| 11 | M:9, F:2; /Mean age:63 | Erythematous rash, plaques, pigmented nodules/location(*) | Normal [4]; Abnormal [2]; * [5] | Splenomegaly [2]; Lymphadenopathy [1]; CNS involvement [1], * [7] | Polychemotherapy [10]; stem cell transplant [1] |
* | Yes [4]; No [6]; * [1] | Dead [7]; alive [3]; * [1] | (17) |
| 42 | M:35, F:7; /Mean age:71 | Papules, nodules, plaques, eruption [33]; ulcers [3]; others [6]; * [1] | Normal [11]; Abnormal [7]; * [24] | * | Polychemotherapy [25]; radiotherapy [2]; local steroid [3]; none [4]; * [8] | Resistant [8]; PR [13]; CR [11]; * [10] | Yes [6]; no [20]; * [16] | Dead [19]; alive [22]; * [1] | (18) |
| 4 | M:3, F:1; /mean age: 77 | Papules, nodules [3]; pustule [1]/trunk, limbs [1], face [1], back [1], widespread [1] | * | * | Chemotherapy [2], observation [2]; RT | * | Yes [1] (AMoL); no [3] | Dead | (19) |
| 1 | M/75 | Scarred plaques/feet, arms, legs, umbilicus | * | * | * | PR | * | Alive | (20) |
| 1 | M/61 | Pruritic rash/trunk, limbs, face | Abnormal | Hepatomegaly; splenomegaly | Polychemotherapy | CR | Yes (AML) | Dead | (21) |
| 2 | M/70 | Popular rash/hand, forearms, trunk, thighs | Normal | * | * | * | Yes [1] (AML); * [1] | Dead [1]; alive [1] | (22) |
| 1 | M/67 | Erythematous papules/scalp, neck, groin | Normal | Hepatomegaly; splenomegaly | Clofarabine | Resistant | Yes | Dead | (23) |
| 1 | M/81 | Erythematous nodules/widespread | * | Hepatomegaly; splenomegaly | 5-azacytidine, palliative care | Resistant | Yes (AML) | * | (24) |
| 1 | M/68 | Multiple papules/trunk, extremities | * | * | * | * | * | Dead | (25) |
| 1 | F/75 | Erythematous, ulcerated lesions/finger, feet, nose | * | No | Steroid | PR | * | * | (26) |
| 2 | F/60 | Red nodules; rash/chest, back, right limbs | Normal | No | Decitabine, chemotherapy; Decitabine | Resistant | Yes [2] (AMoL) | Dead | (27) |
*, not clearly described in the literature. M, male; F, female; Age, mean age; BM, bone marrow; PB, peripheral blood; ①, transformation to acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AMML), acute monocytic leukaemia (AMoL) or disease progression; CNS, central nervous system; Ara-C, cytosine arabinoside; PR, partial response; CR, complete response;