Table 1.
Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters, and medication use
| CTR group (n = 31) | CBCR group (n = 28) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57.5 (9.0) | 54.7 (9.9) | .266 |
| Male, n (%) | 27 (87.1%) | 27 (96.4%) | .356 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.6 (15.9) | 84.5 (13.0) | .447 |
| Visceral fat (%), median (IQR) | 12 (10–13) | 12 (10–14) | .663 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.0 (4.2) | 27.7 (3.5) | .158 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 98.4 (13.4) | 101.3 (9.1) | .357 |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.89 (0.46) | 5.72 (0.55) | .235 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 127.1 (32.4) | 120.6 (20.6) | .389 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 46.6 (12.1) | 46.0 (10.1) | >.800 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 59.3 (27.1) | 54.2 (16.8) | .565 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 91 (77–121) | 84 (72–118) | .532 |
| ApoB/apoA‐I ratio, mean (SD) | 0.62 (0.28) | 0.56 (0.20) | .381 |
| LP(a) (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 44 (11–89) | 31 (17–64) | .388 |
| IPAQ questionnaire | |||
| Total MET‐min/week median (IQR) | 1251 (693–2624) | 1502 (896–3924) | .186 |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing | |||
| HRmax (bpm), mean (SD) | 136.5 (18.7) | 137.5 (20.1) | >.800 |
| Exercise time (min), mean (SD) | 7.14 (2.29) | 7.69 (2.21) | .354 |
| RERmax, mean (SD) | 1.17 (0.08) | 1.22 (0.10) | .049 |
| VO2max (ml (kg min)), mean (SD) | 23.94 (4.64) | 23.68 (4.48) | >.800 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Total (number), median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | .500 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (51.6%) | 13 (46.4%) | .796 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 14 (45.2%) | 18 (64.3%) | .193 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 14 (45.2%) | 14 (50.0%) | .797 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (19.4%) | 6 (21.4%) | >.800 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | .763 | ||
| UA, n (%) | 9 (29.0%) | 6 (21.4%) | |
| NSTEMI, n (%) | 9 (29.0%) | 10 (35.7%) | |
| STEMI, n (%) | 13 (41.9%) | 12 (42.9%) | |
| Medication | |||
| Dual antiplatelet therapy, % | 30 (96.8%) | 27 (96.4%) | >.800 |
| Statins, n (%) | 31 (100.0%) | 26 (92.9%) | .221 |
| B‐blockers, % | 20 (64.5%) | 22 (78.6%) | .264 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs, % | 22 (71.0%) | 20 (71.4%) | >.800 |
| Systolic function | |||
| LVEF (%), mean (SD) | 62.6 (7.4) | 62.0 (6.4) | .709 |
| Coronary arteries | |||
| Coronary lesions, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | .225 |
| Number of stents, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | .222 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NSTEMI, non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina; VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.