Table 2.
Physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters at baseline and after the 10‐month follow‐up period
| CTR group (n = 30) | CBCR group (n = 28) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Final | p1 | Baseline | Final | p2 | p12 | |
| IPAQ | |||||||
| Total MET‐min/week, m (IQR) | 1251 (693–2624) | 4031 (1875–5973) | 0.005 | 1502 (896–3924) | 2420 (1391–4997) | 0.374 | 0.045 |
| Walking, m (IQR) | 743 (231–1386) | 1287 (990–2079) | <0.001 | 644 (330–1386) | 1172 (743–1386) | 0.070 | 0.350 |
| Moderate activity, m (IQR) | 140 (0–720) | 580 (240–2400) | 0.033 | 440 (0–2700) | 540 (0–1020) | 0.548 | 0.039 |
| Vigorous activity, m (IQR) | 0 (0–320) | 620 (0–2400) | 0.053 | 0 (0–240) | 0 (0–1960) | 0.313 | 0.484 |
| Hours a day sitting, m (IQR) | 7 (5–8) | 6 (4–7) | 0.147 | 6 (5–9) | 7 (6–8) | >0.800 | 0.215 |
| Weekly energy expenditure, m (IQR) | 1524 (773–3892) | 5445 (2905–8772) | 0.002 | 2207 (1334–8505) | 3349 (1956–7491) | 0.767 | 0.036 |
| Effort level | <0.001 | 0.343 | 0.031a | ||||
| Inactive/low, n (%) | 6 (20.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 6 (21.4%) | 3 (10.7%) | |||
| Moderate, n (%) | 17 (56.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | 12 (42.9%) | 13 (46.4%) | |||
| High, n (%) | 7 (23.3%) | 23 (76.7%) | 10 (35.7%) | 12 (42.9%) | |||
| CPET | |||||||
| VO2max (ml/(kg min), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 23.9 (4.6) | 25.6 (5.6) | 0.004 | 23.7 (4.5) | 24.3 (5.5) | 0.398 | 0.240 |
| VO2max (%), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 89.6 (12.2) | 96.3 (15.5) | 0.001 | 85.4 (15.5) | 88.3 (17.8) | 0.216 | 0.174 |
| METS, mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 6.76 (1.26) | 7.29 (1.59) | 0.001 | 6.88 (1.31) | 6.98 (1.54) | 0.698 | 0.131 |
| VEmax (l/min), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 72.6 (18.0) | 79.4 (20.6) | 0.010 | 75.1 (21.9) | 76.2 (22.1) | 0.701 | 0.138 |
| RERmax, mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 1.17 (0.08) | 1.20 (0.09) | 0.091 | 1.22 (0.10) | 1.18 (0.11) | 0.131 | 0.030 |
| Heart rate max (bpm), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 136.5 (18.7) | 145.0 (17.2) | <0.001 | 137.5 (20.1) | 141.0 (16.2) | 0.186 | 0.130 |
| Heart rate max (%), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 84.2 (10.4) | 90.0 (9.6) | <0.001 | 83.6 (11.3) | 85.4 (9.7) | 0.192 | 0.035 |
| Blood pressure max (mmHg), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 166.8 (21.7) | 166.3 (27.8) | >0.800 | 169.6 (27.7) | 161.3 (25.4) | 0.124 | 0.301 |
| Cardiac output max (l/min), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 11.9 (2.8) | 12.6 (3.2) | 0.010 | 12.3 (2.8) | 12.8 (3.1) | 0.128 | 0.779 |
| BRmax (b/min), mean (SD) (n 1 = 29, n 2 = 26) | 24.8 (19.0) | 26.4 (19.5) | 0.655 | 23.5 (19.8) | 32.4 (16.7) | 0.028 | 0.180 |
| Effort time (min), mean (SD) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 7.14 (2.29) | 8.59 (2.60) | <0.001 | 7.69 (2.21) | 8.18 (2.32) | 0.273 | 0.055 |
| Treadmill speed (km/h), m(IQR) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 5.4 (4.0–6.6) | 6.7 (5.4–6.7) | <0.001 | 5.4 (5.3–6.7) | 5.5 (5.4–6.7) | 0.154 | 0.019 |
| Elevation (%), m(IQR) (n 1 = 31, n 2 = 28) | 14 (12–16) | 16 (12–18) | <0.001 | 14 (12–18) | 14 (12–18) | 0.218 | 0.006 |
Abbreviations: BR, breathing reserve; IQR, interquartile range; m, median; n1(n2), the sample size for the effect analysis in the CTR (CBCR) group; p1 (p2), change in the CTR (CBCR) group; p12, comparison of changes between the two groups; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; VEmax, maximal ventilation; VO2max (%), percentage of theoretical maximal oxygen uptake; VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.