Figure 1.

The interaction of limonin with ATP-binding sites of VEGFR2 kinase domain. (A) Limonin’s molecular structure. (B) 2-dimensional maps of the interaction between limonin and related amino acids of VEGR2 protein were obtained by using LigPlot software. The types of closely related interactions and bonds. (C) The ribbon structure of green VEGFR2 protein was created by Chimera program (D) ATP binding site of VEGFR2 crystal. (E) Western blotting analysis showed that limonin dose- dependently inhibited the activation of both VEGFR2 (Tyr¹¹⁷⁵) and downstream STAT3 (Tyr⁷⁰⁵) triggered by VEGF in endothelial cells.