Table 3. Impact of clinical and pathological features on OS, TTR and early recurrence in training cohort (n=214).
| Characteristics | OS (n=214) | TTR (n=214) | Early recurrence (n=214) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||||||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||||||
| Clinical features | |||||||||||||||||
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.005 (0.726–1.329) | 0.974 | NA | 0.872 (0.615–1.235) | 0.441 | NA | 0.973 (0.654–1.446) | 0.891 | NA | ||||||||
| Age, median (range), years | 1.128 (0.821–1.551) | 0.457 | NA | 1.116 (0.789–1.577) | 0.535 | NA | 1.100 (0.746–1.623) | 0.631 | NA | ||||||||
| HBV infection (negative vs. positive) | 0.847 (0.610–1.176) | 0.321 | NA | 0.781 (0.545–1.119) | 0.178 | NA | 0.805 (0.538–1.204) | 0.290 | NA | ||||||||
| AFP (ng/mL) (<20 vs. ≥20) | 0.956 (0.552–1.657) | 0.872 | NA | 0.928 (0.500–1.722) | 0.812 | NA | 0.942 (0.475–1.867) | 0.864 | NA | ||||||||
| CA–199 (U/mL) (<37 vs. ≥37) | 1.434 (1.0421.973) | 0.027* | 1.462 (1.057–2.022) | 0.022* | 1.084 (0.767–1.532) | 0.647 | NA | 1.092 (0.742–1.608) | 0.656 | NA | |||||||
| Lymphonodus metastasis (absent vs. present) | 2.220 (1.476–3.339) | <0.001* | 1.564 (0.794–3.082) | 0.196 | 1.874 (1.199–2.929) | 0.006* | 1.129 (0.516–2.470) | 0.760 | 2.024 (1.261–3.248) | 0.004* | 1.258 (0.555–2.851) | 0.582 | |||||
| TNM stage (I vs. II+III) | 1.982 (1.383–2.842) | <0.001* | 1.212 (0.660–2.225) | 0.535 | 1.681 (1.130–2.501) | 0.01* | 1.491 (0.740–3.002) | 0.264 | 1.865 (1.218–2.858) | 0.004* | 1.439 (0.689–3.004) | 0.333 | |||||
| Child–Pugh stage (A vs. B) | 0.653 (0.268–1.549) | 0.350 | NA | 0.490 (0.130–1.286) | 0.126 | NA | 0.347 (0.086–1.405) | 0.138 | NA | ||||||||
| General macroscopic | |||||||||||||||||
| Tumor number (single vs. multiple) | 1.437 (0.987–2.091) | 0.058 | NA | 1.451 (0.963–2.186) | 0.075 | NA | 1.363 (0.863–2.153) | 0.185 | NA | ||||||||
| Tumor size (≤5 vs. >5) | 1.328 (0.960–1.837) | 0.087 | NA | 1.264 (0.889–1.795) | 0.192 | NA | 1.431 (0.956–2.141) | 0.081 | NA | ||||||||
| Macrovascular invasion (absent vs. present) | 1.212 (0.783–1.875) | 0.389 | NA | 1.660 (1.079–2.553) | 0.021* | 1.420 (0.914–2.205) | 0.119 | 1.519 (0.932–2.475) | 0.094 | NA | |||||||
| General microscopic | |||||||||||||||||
| Liver cirrhosis (absent vs. present) | 1.453 (1.021–2.07) | 0.038* | 1.209 (0.822–1.776) | 0.335 | 1.123 (0.750–1.682) | 0.574 | NA | 1.212 (0.781–1.881) | 0.391 | NA | |||||||
| Tumor encapsulation (complete vs. none) | 1.578 (0.891–2.795) | 0.118 | NA | 2.487 (1.212–5.104) | 0.013* | 2.556 (1.205–5.420) | 0.014* | 2.722 (1.108–6.691) | 0.029* | 2.747 (1.114–6.772) | 0.028* | ||||||
| Differentiation (I/II vs. III/IV) | 0.982 (0.704–1.371) | 0.917 | NA | 1.180 (0.827–1.684) | 0.360 | NA | 1.281 (0.863–1.901) | 0.219 | NA | ||||||||
| Follow-up | |||||||||||||||||
| Recurrence (≤2 vs. >2 years) | 1.290 (1.057–1.574) | 0.012* | 1.216 (0.990–1.494) | 0.063 | 2.232 (1.812–2.749) | <0.001* | 2.182 (1.758–2.709) | <0.001* | NA | NA | |||||||
| VETC (absent vs. present) | 2.218 (1.506–3.009) | <0.001* | NA | 1.745 (1.213–2.510) | 0.003* | NA | 1.640 (1.090–2.467) | 0.018* | NA | ||||||||
| PD-L1 (low vs. high) | 1.638 (1.188–2.258) | 0.003* | NA | 1.471 (1.040–2.079) | 0.029* | NA | 1.593 (1.079–2.353) | 0.019* | NA | ||||||||
| Intra-tumoral VETC/PD-L1 index | <0.001* | 0.001* | 0.003* | 0.051 | 0.008* | 0.011* | |||||||||||
| I | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||||
| II | 0.296 (0.180–0.489) | 0.356 (0.210–0.602) | 0.422 (0.257–0.692) | 0.552 (0.333–0.914) | 0.409 (0.231–0.722) | 0.422 (0.238–0.749) | |||||||||||
| III | 0.738 (0.523–1.042) | 0.780 (0.541–1.124) | 0.725 (0.493–1.066) | 0.711 (0.480–1.053) | 0.710 (0.465–1.085) | 0.696 (0.453–1.069) | |||||||||||
*, P value showed statistical significant. CA-199, carbohydrate antigen 199; TNM, tumor-nodes-metastases; Ref., reference; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidential interval; NA, not adopted; NS, not significant; TTR, time to relapse; OS, overall survival.