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. 2021 Nov 10;39(1):44–57. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-01944-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Mechanism of action of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease. Schematic illustration of different modes of action of anti-TNF antibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Modified from Billmeier et al. [30]. https://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Fc fragment crystallizable region of the antibody, IL interleukin, IFN interferon, LPS lipopolysaccharide, ROS reactive oxygen species, TGF transforming growth factor, TNF tumor necrosis factor, mTNF membrane-bound TNF, sTNF soluble TNF, TNFR TNF receptor, NK cell natural killer cell, ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity