Table 1.

Main clinicopathological features of the patients, labeling index (LI) of AQP4 and TRPV4 channels, and MVC in tumor specimens

Clinicopathological features	Number	AQP4 LIs Mean ± SD, % (range)	TRPV4 LIs Mean ± SD, % (range)	MVC Mean ± SD (range)
Diagnosis   Benign (WHO, Grade I)   High grade (WHO, Grade II, and III)	138 36	22.65 ± 31.57a,c (0–95) 11.19 ± 25.32b (0–85)	30.34 ± 31.22d (0–95) 44.80 ± 32.98 (0–90)	38.90 ± 43.06 (3–200) 47.23 ± 49.52 (8–200)
EI (range; 1–9.90)   EI = 1   EI > 1   EI < 2   EI ≥ 2	3 20 14 9	63.33 ± 50.57 60.80 ± 33.75 53.28 ± 36.34 73.33 ± 30.41	63.33 ± 33.29 60.29 ± 27.35 62.91 ± 25.53 57.50 ± 31.39	36.33 ± 50.00 42.88 ± 44.85 25.15 ± 26.84e 69.25 ± 54.81
Edematous meningiomas   Peri-tumor tissue   Main tumor	8 12	80.62 ± 19.89f 41.33 ± 32.57	54.28 ± 30.60g 62.91 ± 25.75
Age (range, years; 21–86)    < 60    ≥ 60	79 95	23.60 ± 33.69 17.15 ± 27.69	29.30 ± 30.26 34.04 ± 33.02	30.01 ± 34.72h 49.16 ± 46.58
Gender   Male   Female	57 117	18.60 ± 28.67 21.30 ± 31.70	31.78 ± 32.09 33.67 ± 32.03	48.07 ± 53.21 35.79 ± 37.57

The (non-parametric) Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test was performed and the level of significant was defined as p < 0.05

LI the percentage of positive-labeled cells from the total number of tumor cells counted, Mean mean labeling index, SD standard deviation

^ap < 0.0001 vs. TRPV4 expression in benign meningiomas

^bp < 0.0001 vs. TRPV4 expression in high-grade meningiomas

^cp = 0.02 vs. AQP4 in high-grade meningiomas

^dp = 0.01 vs. TRPV4 in high-grade meningiomas

^ep = 0.01 vs. MVC in meningiomas with EI ≥ 2

^fp = 0.007 vs. AQP4 expression in main tumor

^gp = 0.3 vs. TRPV4 expression in main tumor

^hp = 0.009 vs. MVC in group of patients ≥ 60 years old