Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to gender status, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (1999–2015).
| Variable | Men (n = 2859) | Women (n = 3421) | Total population (n = 6280) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 47.1 ± 12.5 | 45.5 ± 10.9 | 46.2 ± 11.7 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 3.7 | 28.6 ± 4.6 | 27.5 ± 4.4 | < 0.001 |
| 30 > BMI > 25 (Overweight) | 1324 (46%) | 1444 (42%) | 2768 (44%) | |
| BMI > 30 (Obese) | 455 (16%) | 1208 (35%) | 1663 (26%) | |
| Waist circumference(cm) | 90.9 ± 10.3 | 90.4 ± 11.9 | 90.6 ± 11.2 | 0.095 |
| WC ≥ 90 (Visceral adiposity) | 1583 (55%) | 1793 (52%) | 3376 (54%) | 0.019 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.9 ± 18.4 | 120.1 ± 19.3 | 120.5 ± 18.9 | 0.08 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.5 ± 11.2 | 78.8 ± 10.6 | 78.6 ± 10.9 | 0.43 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 634 (22%) | 844 (25%) | 1478 (24%) | 0.02 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 5.29 ± 1.17 | 5.21 ± 1.1 | 5.25 ± 1.13 | 0.009 |
| Diabetes mellitus (yes) | 196 (7%) | 256 (7%) | 452 (7%) | 0.33 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.19 ± 1.56 | 1.91 ± 1.18 | 2.04 ± 1.37 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.38 ± 1.1 | 5.63 ± 1.2 | 5.51 ± 1.16 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol ≥ 200 mmol/L (Hyperlipidemia) | 46 (1%) | 115 (3%) | 161 (3%) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.98 ± 0.24 | 1.15 ± 0.28 | 1.07 ± 0.27 | < 0.001 |
| Family history of CVDS (%) | 417 (14.59) | 606 (17.71) | 1023(16.29) | 0.001 |
| Low physical activity (%) | 2061 (72.09) | 2402 (70.21) | 4463(71.07) | 0.10 |
| Education (%) | ||||
| Illiterate/primary school | 824 (28.82) | 1563 (45.6) | 2387(38.01) | < 0.001 |
| Below diploma/diploma | 1497 (52.36) | 1595 (46.62) | 3092(49.24) | |
| Higher than diploma | 538 (18.82) | 263 (7.69) | 801(12.75) | |
| Smoking (%) | ||||
| Never | 1528 (53.45) | 3196 (93.42) | 4724(75.22) | < 0.001 |
| Past | 453 (15.84) | 68 (1.99) | 521(8.3) | |
| Current | 878 (30.71) | 157 (4.59) | 1035(16.48) | |
*Differences in continuous and categorical variables between males and females were assessed using the independent t-test and Chi-square test, respectively.