Table 4.
Total, direct, and indirect effects of overweight and adiposity on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) using a parametric method not considering exposure-mediator interaction in women.
| Exposures | Mediators | Total effecta,b | Natural direct effect | Natural indirect effect | Proportion mediated (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Overweight | Blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.91 (1.32–2.93) | 1.76 (1.21–2.75) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 10 (4–22) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.80 (1.26–2.81) | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 12 (1–25) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 1.83 (1.25–2.79) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 5 (2–11) | ||
| Blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose | 1.64 (1.13–2.56) | 1.11 (1.07–1.17) | 23 (13–50) | ||
| General obesity | Blood pressure (mmHg) | 2.13 (1.44–3.20) | 1.82 (1.23–2.79) | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | 22 (11–41) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.96 (1.35–3.03) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 14 (7–26) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 2.04 (1.39–3.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.03) | 6 (3–14) | ||
| Blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose | 1.70 (1.15–2.64) | 1.21 (1.14–1.31) | 36 (21–64) | ||
| Visceral adiposity | Blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.72 (1.39–2.39) | 1.59 (1.16–2.20) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 18 (10–40) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.62 (1.19–2.27) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 13 (5–25) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 1.64 (1.19–2.24) | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 9 (4–22) | ||
| Blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose | 1.47 (1.07–2.06) | 1.14 (1.09–1.21) | 31 (18–69) |
MI body mass index; CI confidence interval; HR hazard ratio; WC waist circumference.
aCompared with normal-weight participants for general adiposity and WC < 90 cm as a reference for central adiposity.
bAll models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking, physical activity level, educational status, and family history of CVDs.
cThe direct, indirect, and total effects were estimated for each bootstrap resampling.