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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Addict Behav. 2021 Jul 29;36(5):555–564. doi: 10.1037/adb0000769

Table 4.

The relation between covariates and changes in accuracy during the learning period.

Subtest 1 Subtest 2 Subtest 3
Education
 < 12th Gradea 6.91 (2.27) 6.25 (2.29) 11.87 (3.18)
 ≥ 12th Gradea 9.91 (1.40) 5.60 (1.41) 9.48 (1.96)
 Learning comparisonb 3.00 (2.66), .260 2.04 (4.65), .662 −5.35 (5.03), .288
Employment
 Normally unemployeda 8.72 (1.53) 5.73 (1.56) 7.64 (2.14)
 Normally employeda 9.64 (1.88) 5.86 (1.91) 13.89 (2.62)
 Learning comparisonb 0.91 (2.42), .706 −1.69 (4.26), .692 7.99 (4.57), .080
Poverty
 Below poverty levela 8.49 (1.29) 4.96 (1.30) 9.26 (1.81)
 Above poverty levela 12.50 (3.07) 10.42 (3.09) 15.12 (4.31)
 Learning comparisonb 4.01 (3.32), .228 7.84 (5.80), .176 7.50 (6.31), .234

Note. The change in scores was calculated from coefficients in the piecewise mixed-effects model (adjusted for education, employment, and poverty) and are shown above as the expected slope (SE), p-value.

Interaction model for Course 1 comparisons: E[yij] = ß0 + ß1*time + ß2*time1 + ß3*covariate + ß4*time*covariate + ß5*time1*covariate.00

Interaction model for Course 2 comparisons: E[yij] = ß0 + ß1*time + ß2*time1 + ß3*time2 + ß4*covariate + ß5*time*covariate + ß6*time1*covariate + ß7*time2*covariate.

Interaction model for Course 3 comparisons: E[yij] = ß0 + ß1*time + ß2*time1 + ß3*covariate + ß4*time*covariate + ß5*time1*covariate.

a

The expected change in percent correct following completion of the relevant education course for participants with the analyzed characteristic.

b

Results of the analysis comparing participant learning based on the analyzed covariates.