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In vitro anti-cancer activity of NPs. Viabilities of (A) A549 cells and (B) 4T1 cells receiving different treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). (C) Live/dead staining images and (D) viabilities of A549 cells after treatment for 24 h with PDT, PTT, or PDT/PTT simultaneously. Scale bar is 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). (E) Apoptosis profiles of A549 cells receiving various treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3).
