Table 1.

Quality appraisal of included studies.

Studies	Criteria from the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool
	1.1a	1.2b	1.3c	1.4d	1.5e	4.1f	4.2g	4.3h	4.4i	4.5j	5.1k	5.2l	5.3m	5.4n	5.5o
Cornet et al [30]	1	1	1	1	1	N/Ap	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cornet et al [31]	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0
Fortuna et al [8]	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Harte et al [32]	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
Harte et al [33]	1	1	1	1	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Petersen et al [34]	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0
Srinivas et al [35]	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0
Stara et al [36]	1	1	1	1	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

^aIs the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question?

^bAre the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question?

^cAre the findings adequately derived from the data?

^dIs the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data?

^eIs there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis, and interpretation?

^fIs the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question?

^gIs the sample representative of the target population?

^hAre the measurements appropriate?

ⁱAre the confounders accounted for in the design and analysis?

^jIs the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question?

^kIs there an adequate rationale for using a mixed methods design to address the research question?

^lAre the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question?

^mAre the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted?

ⁿAre divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed?

^oDo the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved?

^pN/A: not applicable.