Table 7.
Comparison on Lean self-reported performance
| Variable | US (1) | Italy (2) | t-test difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean [SD] | N | Mean [SD] | (1)–(2) | |
| Self-reported performance index (range: 0–15) | 127 | 7.1 [3.7] | 35 | 8.6 [3.8] | |
| PATIENT | |||||
| Improved patient satisfaction scores | 110 | 0.727 [0.447] | 31 | 0.968 [0.180] | −0.240** |
| Reduced medical errors | 104 | 0.702 [0.460] | 25 | 0.880 [0.332] | −0.178 |
| Reduced one or more types of hosp-acquired infections | 100 | 0.640 [0.482] | 20 | 0.700 [0.470] | −0.060 |
| Reduced hospital re-admissions within 30 days of discharge | 103 | 0.524 [0.502] | 22 | 0.773 [0.429] | −0.248* |
| Reduced risk adjusted 30-day mortality | 83 | 0.253 [0.437] | 16 | 0.688 [0.479] | −0.434*** |
| Reduced ambulatory care sensitive admissions | 68 | 0.279 [0.452] | 17 | 0.529 [0.514] | −0.250 |
| EMPLOYED AND AFFILIATED STAFF | |||||
| Improved employee engagement in their work | 114 | 0.816 [0.389] | 32 | 0.938 [0.246] | −0.122 |
| Reduced employee turnover | 84 | 0.310 [0.465] | 14 | 0.500 [0.519] | −0.190 |
| COSTS | |||||
| Reduced expenditures in two or more departments | 112 | 0.795 [0.406] | 24 | 0.792 [0.415] | 0.003 |
| Eliminated waste in two or more processes or depts | 121 | 0.926 [0.263] | 33 | 0.970 [0.174] | −0.044 |
| Reduced average length of stay | 102 | 0.461 [0.501] | 30 | 0.800 [0.407] | −0.339*** |
| SERVICE PROVISION | |||||
| Increased throughput in the emergency department | 114 | 0.737 [0.442] | 28 | 0.679 [0.476] | 0.058 |
| Increased throughput in the operating rooms | 103 | 0.544 [0.501] | 30 | 0.900 [0.305] | −0.356*** |
| Increased throughput in the cardiac care unit | 91 | 0.275 [0.449] | 23 | 0.696 [0.470] | −0.421*** |
| Increased throughput in med/surg nursing units | 100 | 0.510 [0.502] | 27 | 0.815 [0.396] | −0.305** |
The value displayed for t-tests are the differences in the means across the groups
***, **, and * indicate significance at the .1, 1, and 5% critical level respectively