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. 2022 Jan 29;28:10. doi: 10.1186/s10020-022-00435-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The immune polarization during cancer. The tumor milieu can participate in the immunosuppression and diminished anti-tumoral functions of different immune cells and cause the immunoinhibitory phenotype of immune cells. For example, Th cell lineages, including Th1, Th2, and Th17, during cancer have been polarized to Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs); consequently, CTL-mediated cancer cell cytotoxicity can be hampered via recruitment and/or conversion of Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (Hu et al. 2020)