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. 2022 Jan 25;14:121–133. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S334985

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© 2022 Wang et al.

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Effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on microbial α-diversity in rats. (A) Experimental design and protocol. (B–E) Comparison of (B) Observed species index, (C) Chao1 index, (D) Shannon index, and (E) Simpson index between SD and control groups following SD and recovery. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05.