. 2021 Jun 15;31(1):303–315. doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-02905-2

Table 5.

Effect sizes for outcome measurements (changes, t2D) and moderating factors

η_p²		Unifactorial part. Eta² for changes (interaction)^*						Main effect	Unifactorial part. Eta² for performance scores^**
	Between-factors	Sex	Age	ICD	BMI	IT	Pre _MQO	Time	Sex	Age	ICD	BMI	IT	Pre _MQO
Outcome measures		f/m	3-stage	6-stage	3-stage	3-stage	3-stage	2-stage	f/m	3-stage	6-stage	3-stage	3-stage	3-stage
CROM (1)	FTF	0.000	0.001	0.010	0.041^***	0.008	0.182^***	0.328^***	0.016^*	0.009	0.008	0.033^**	0.004	0.222^***
PROMs (6)	EQ5D Health (EQ-VAS)	0.000	0.006	0.009	0.002	0.001	0.007	0.059^***	0.001	0.017^*	0.015	0.001	0.005	0.044^***
	EQ5D TTO	0.003	0.008	0.001	0.009	0.007	0.010	0.133^***	0.001	0.004	0.003	0.024^**	0.035^**	0.066^***
	NPRS	0.001	0.003	0.012	0.006	0.003	0.019^*	0.251^***	0.002	0.004	0.012	0.013	0.020^*	0.045^***
	HAQ	0.000	0.003	0.007	0.015	0.008	0.005	0.058^***	0.011^*	0.040^***	0.008	0.018^*	0.030^**	0.187^***
	ODI	0.011^*	0.003	0.001	0.004	0.001	0.006	0.230^***	0.002	0.006	0.004	0.012	0.030^**	0.140^***
	Mean PROMs	0.003	0.002	0.004	0.009	0.005	0.008	0.302^***	0.005	0.016^*	0.009	0.021^*	0.043^**	0.150^***
overall MQO	PROMs and CROM-FTF	0.001	0.000	0.007	0.017^*	0.001	0.124^***	0.472^***	0.001	0.017^*	0.010	0.027^**	0.024^*	0.290^***
Consistency	Difference CROM − PROMs	0.002	0.003	0.006	0.029^**	0.013	0.042^***	0.009	0.022^**	0.008	0.006	0.024^**	0.034^**	0.003^***

Sex (female, male); age (< = 50, 51–60, 61 +); ICD…six main-diagnoses (n > 30; M51.1, M51.2, M53.9, M54.4, M54.9, other LBG); BMI…Body Mass Index (< = 25, 25–30, 30 +); IT… Individual therapy minutes (< = 360, 361–450, 451 +); pre…pre-rehabilitation value of MQO (tertile)

A part. Eta² (η_p²) between 0.01 and 0.06 corresponds to a small effect, occurrences of 0.06–0.14 a middle effect and values > 0.14 a large effect; level of significance (bold): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; N = 395 LBP patients

^*Differences (improvements; post − pre) from admission to discharge (corresponds to the interaction: time x between-factor)

^**Performance Scores: t2D = t2_z + (t2_z − t1_z)

Performance scores were much more sensitive to the individual factors compared to the difference scores. The factors sex and age showed significant effects in performance scores. In addition to initial values (all p < 0.001; overall MQO: η_p² = 0.290), the BMI had the greatest influence on the performance evaluation (η_p² = 0.027, p < 0.01). The amount of individual therapy (IT) depends on the medical history, if the rehabilitation program is classified as follow-up treatment procedure after surgery (IT > 450 min)