Table 1.

The effects of melatonin treatment on the mortality in severe COVID-19 patients.

Trial type	Conventional therapy			Conventional therapy plus melatonin
	N	N of deaths	% of deaths	N	N of deaths	% of deaths	Dose and duration	Ref
Prospective	34	12	35.3	10	0	0	36–72 mg/day, divided into 4 doses for 7 days.	[88]
Retrospective	144	108⁎	75⁎	122	14⁎	13.2⁎	Not available	[89]
Retrospective	224	53	23.7	224	24	10.7	2–6 mg/day, at least 7 days.	[90]
Prospective	76	13	17.1	82	1	1.2	10 mg/day, 20–30 min before bed time for 14 days.	[91]

Majority of the patients included in this table are considered with severe symptoms and some required mechanical ventilation, ICU care and all required hospitalization. Several other clinical trials in which the endpoint did not include mortality or did not justify as severe COVID-19 patients are not included in this table.

^⁎The data were extracted from the hazards rate (HR) presented in Table 2 of the report.