Table 2.

Between-Class Differences in Hip Impairment Measures Using Univariate ANOVA and Follow-Up Post Hoc Pairwise Comparisons^a

	Mean (SD) for:				Post Hoc Pairwise Comparison P
Measure	Class 1 (n = 76)	Class 2 (n = 103)	Class 3 (n = 71)	Model P	Class 1 vs Class 2	Class 1 vs Class 3	Class 2 vs Class 3
Hip symptoms
HOOS pain items (0–20)	3.2 (3.0)	2.9 (3.0)	6.9 (3.7)	<.001	.53	<.001	<.001
HOOS stiffness items (0–8)	1.7 (1.6)	1.4 (1.5)	3.3 (1.7)	<.001	.24	<.001	<.001
Hip strength, kg normalized to BMI
Flexion	0.65 (0.23)	0.38 (0.15)	0.33 (0.12)	<.001	<.001	<.001	.06
Abduction	0.37 (0.08)	0.21 (0.06)	0.18 (0.06)	<.001	<.001	<.001	.01
Adduction	0.41 (0.09)	0.22 (0.06)	0.18 (0.07)	<.001	<.001	<.001	.01
Internal rotation	0.34 (0.08)	0.17 (0.05)	0.14 (0.05)	<.001	<.001	<.001	.01
External rotation	0.42 (0.11)	0.22 (0.07)	0.18 (0.07)	<.001	<.001	<.001	.01
Extension	0.35 (0.13)	0.18 (0.08)	0.14 (0.07)	<.001	<.001	<.001	.01
Hip ROM (°)
Flexion	93.4 (7.3)	93.2 (2.9)	90.2 (8.2)	.02	.96	.02	.01
Abduction	23.5 (5.5)	23.9 (6.7)	22.6 (7.7)	.43
Adduction	13.4 (6.0)	12.5 (7.1)	12.2 (6.31)	.47
Internal rotation	21.0 (9.8)	24.8 (10.8)	24.1 (10.6)	.05	.02	.08	.65
External rotation	31.8 (9.9)	30.0 (10.3)	27.7 (9.6)	.05	.26	.02	.13
Extension	4.4 (5.3)	4.3 (5.9)	4.1 (5.9)	.95
Hip flexibility (°)
Modified Thomas test	0.3 (7.9)	0.9 (6.3)	−0.5 (7.1)	.45
Straight leg raise test	54.2 (12.1)	55.7 (14.0)	53.9 (13.7)	.64
Ober test	4.0 (7.1)	4.0 (8.0)	4.6 (7.2)	.83

^a ANOVA = analysis of variance; BMI = body mass index; HOOS = Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; ROM = range of motion.