Table.

Example Cotreatment Content in Neurological Settings for Physical Therapists and Speech-Language Pathologists^a

Medical Diagnosis	Impairments + Activity Limitations Relevant to Physical Therapy	Impairments + Activity Limitations Relevant to Speech Therapy	Cotreatment Content	Physical Therapy Contributions	Speech Therapy Contributions
Traumatic brain  injury	Balance and posture; coordination; gait; lifting and carrying; tone; weakness	Disinhibition; dysarthria; dysphagia; ataxia, executive function; lability; learning and applying knowledge; pragmatics; receiving verbal and nonverbal messages; memory	Individual with TBI and caregiver practice appropriate conversation/cues during transfer activity to coordinate anterior/posterior movement sway patterns	Balance training; dual-tasking; goal-directed task(s); interpersonal coordination; transfer training	Assess environmental modifications to improve intelligibility; assessment of self-monitoring skills; memory training for meaningful activity; problem-solving in task-relevant context
Parkinson disease	Bradykinesia; balance and postural control; dyskinesia; gait; maintaining position; hypokinesia; rigidity; tremor	Bradyphrenia; dysphagia; executive function; hypokinetic dysarthria; memory; speech	LSVT BIG combined with LSVT LOUD74; using speech to facilitate interpersonal coordination during activity (individual seeks to synchronize movements with therapist “model”)	Balance training; dual-tasking; interpersonal coordination; perception of ROM; perceptual enhancement of motor performance33; ROM training	Articulation practice; estimating severity of motor speech disorder in functional context; functional communication; perception of vocal loudness; self-cuing; stress testing
Stroke	Apraxia; balance and postural control; coordination; gait; grasping; maintaining position; neglect; pain; proprioception; reaching; sensation; tone; weakness	Aphasia; dysphagia; dysarthria; executive function; lability; learning and applying knowledge; memory; perseveration; pragmatics; speaking; visuospatial neglect; vocal fold dysfunction	Use of self-vocalization (eg, “yeah” or “ah”) during adapted yoga targeting breath75 and posture, such as breath work and sun salutations adapted for seated posture and hemiplegia. Individual must time breath pauses appropriately for speech and postural control; self-vocalization may also facilitate upper-limb velocity and amplitude33 for yoga activity	Assessment of task tolerance; balance training; goal-directed suprapostural task; perceptual enhancement of motor performance33; posture-respiratory coupling; reaching; speech to facilitate purposive motoric activities33; wellness training	Grasping to enhance vocalization35; problem-solving in task-relevant context; variable practice context for enhanced skill learning; visuospatial skill assessment; word finding
Amyotrophic lateral  sclerosis	Balance and postural control; fatigue; flexibility; gait; grasping; maintaining position; pain; reaching; sensation; spasticity; weakness	Breathing; fatigue; dysarthria; dysphagia; speech; using communication devices	Use of AAC devices during mobility training; concurrent mobility training (reaching, grasping) for use of AAC	Activity tolerance; balance training; dual-tasking; goal-directed suprapostural task; grasping; perceptual enhancement of motor learning; posture; reaching; ROM training	Assessment of AAC functionality when used with unfamiliar communication partners; identification of environmental modifications to support AAC use (eg, patient positioning); problem-solving in task-relevant context

^a AAC = augmentative and alternative communication; LSVT = Lee Silverman voice treatment; ROM = range of motion; TBI = traumatic brain injury.